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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
     
(Mark One)    
þ
  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
    For the fiscal year ended December 25, 2004
or
 
o
  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
    For the transition period from           to
Commission file number: 000-50307
FormFactor, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Delaware   13-3711155
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
7005 Southfront Road, Livermore, California 94551
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(925) 290-4000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock
      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes þ          No o
      Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.     o
      The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of December 25, 2004, based on the closing sales price of the registrant’s common stock on June 26, 2004, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, as reported by the Nasdaq National Market, was $635,307,722. Shares of the registrant’s common stock held by each executive officer and director have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes þ          No o
      The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding as of March 07, 2005 was 37,442,515 shares.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
      Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2005 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year ended December 25, 2004, are incorporated by reference in Part III hereof. Except with respect to information specifically incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K, the Proxy Statement is not deemed to be filed as a part of this Form 10-K.
 
 


FormFactor, Inc.
Form 10-K for the Fiscal Year Ended December 25, 2004
Index
                 
        Page
         
 Part I
 Item 1:       3  
 Item 1A:       9  
 Item 2:       11  
 Item 3:       11  
 Item 4:       12  
 
 Part II
 Item 5:          
            12  
 Item 6:       14  
 Item 7:       15  
 Item 7A:       41  
 Item 8:       42  
 Item 9:       43  
 Item 9A:       43  
 Item 9B:       43  
 
 Part III
 Item 10:       44  
 Item 11:       44  
 Item 12:          
            44  
 Item 13:       44  
 Item 14:       44  
 
 Part IV
 Item 15:       44  
 
 Signatures     46  
 
 Consolidated Financial Statements     48  
 
Financial Statement Schedule     78  
 EXHIBIT 10.47
 EXHIBIT 10.48
 EXHIBIT 10.49
 EXHIBIT 10.50
 EXHIBIT 23.01
 EXHIBIT 31.01
 EXHIBIT 31.02
 EXHIBIT 32.01
      FormFactor, the FormFactor logo and its product and technology names, including MicroSpring, MicroForce, MicroLign, MOST and TRE, are trademarks or registered trademarks of FormFactor in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks, trade names or service marks appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the property of their respective owners.
      This Annual Report on Form 10-K is for the year ended December 25, 2004. This Annual Report modifies and supersedes documents filed prior to this Annual Report. Information we file with the SEC in the future automatically updates and supersedes information contained in this Annual Report. Throughout this Annual Report, we refer to FormFactor, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries as FormFactor, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, and “our”. Our fiscal years end on the last Saturday in December. Our last five fiscal years ended December 30, 2000, December 29, 2001, December 28, 2002, December 27, 2003, and December 25, 2004, respectively.


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NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
      This Annual Report on Form 10-K of FormFactor, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Securities Act of 1933, which are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. The forward-looking statements include statements, among other things, concerning our business strategy (including anticipated trends and developments in, and management plans for, our business and the markets in which we operate) financial results, operating results, revenues, gross margin, operating expenses, products, projected costs and capital expenditures, research and development programs, sales and marketing initiatives and competition. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words, such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “intend” and “continue,” the negative or plural of these words and other comparable terminology. The forward-looking statements are only predictions based on our current expectation and our projections about future events. All forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report are based upon information available to us as of its filing date. 10-K. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update any of these statements for any reason. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these statements. These factors include and you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties discussed in the section entitled “Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Trends, Risks and Uncertainties,” and elsewhere in this Annual Report.
PART I
Item 1. Business
      FormFactor designs, develops, manufactures, sells and supports precision, high performance advanced semiconductor wafer probe cards. Semiconductor manufacturers use the Company’s wafer probe cards to perform wafer probe test on the whole wafer in the front end of the semiconductor manufacturing process. The Company introduced its first wafer probe card based on its MicroSpring interconnect technology in 1995. The Company offers products that are custom designed for semiconductor manufacturers’ unique wafer designs and enable them to reduce their overall cost of test.
      In fiscal 2004, we benefited from semiconductor manufacturers’ ongoing transition to 300mm wafer fabrication facilities and to transitions to new chip designs and architectures. As a result, in fiscal 2004 our revenues grew by 81% and our earnings grew by over 300% as compared to fiscal 2003, demonstrating significant operating leverage for the Company’s business activities. In fiscal 2004, the Company also moved its corporate headquarters to its new campus facility and started the transition of its manufacturing operations. This transition is ongoing and includes the funding and bring-up of a new manufacturing clean room facility. While this transition has resulted in significant start-up costs, in fiscal 2004 we were able to fund these costs from our operating cash flows.
Products
      FormFactor’s products are based on its proprietary technologies, including its MicroSpring interconnect technology and design tools. The Company’s MicroSpring interconnect technology, which includes resilient spring-like contact elements, enables the Company to produce wafer probe cards for applications that require reliability, speed, precision and signal integrity. FormFactor manufactures its MicroSpring contact elements through precision micro-machining and scalable semiconductor-like wafer fabrication processes. The Company’s MicroSpring contacts are springs that optimize the relative amounts of force on, and across, a bond pad during the test process and maintain their shape and position over a range of compression. These characteristics allow FormFactor to achieve reliable, electrical contact on either clean or oxidized surfaces, including bond pads on a wafer. For many device applications, the MicroSpring contacts enable the Company’s wafer probe cards to make hundreds of thousands of touchdowns with minimal maintenance. The

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MicroSpring contact can be attached to many surfaces, or substrates, including printed circuit boards, silicon wafers, ceramics and various metalized surfaces.
      Since its original conception, the MicroSpring contact has evolved into a library of spring shapes and technologies. The Company’s designers use this library to design an optimized custom wafer probe card for each application. Since developing this fundamental technology, FormFactor has broadened and refined it to respond to the increasing demands of smaller, faster and more complex semiconductors. The Company continues to invest in research and development activities around its interconnect technology as the Company’s MicroSpring contacts have scaled in size with the evolution of semiconductors.
      FormFactor MicroSpring contacts include geometrically precise tip structures. These tip structures are the parts of the Company’s wafer probe cards that come into contact with the chips, and are manufactured using proprietary semiconductor-like processes. These tip structures enable precise contact with small bond pad sizes and pitches. The Company’s technology allows it to specifically design the geometries of the contact tip in order to ensure the most precise and predictable electrical contact is achieved for a customer’s particular application.
      The Company’s wafer probe cards are custom products that are designed to order for its customers’ unique wafer designs. For certain high parallelism test applications, the Company’s products require large area contact array sizes because they must accommodate over 13,000 simultaneous contacts. This requirement poses fundamental challenges that include the planarity of the array, the force needed to make contact and the need to touch all bond pads with equal accuracy. FormFactor has developed wafer probe cards that use array sizes ranging from 50 mm x 50 mm up to greater than 160 mm x 160 mm, in combination with complex multi-layer printed circuit boards designed by the Company. The Company’s current DRAM contacting technology allows its products to contact up to 256 DRAM chips in parallel. FormFactor’s current flash contacting technology allows its wafer probe cards to contact up to 796 flash chips in parallel.
      The Company has invested and intends to continue to invest considerable resources in its wafer probe card design tools and processes. These tools and processes enable automated routing and trace length adjustment within the Company’s printed circuit boards and greatly enhance the Company’s ability to rapidly design and lay out complex printed circuit board structures. FormFactor’s proprietary design tools also enable it to design wafer probe cards particularly suited for testing today’s low voltage, high power chips. Low voltage, high frequency chips require superior power supply performance, and the Company’s MicroSpring interconnect technology is used to provide a very low inductance, low resistance electrical path between the power source and the chip under test.
      In July 2004, the Company publicly announced its PH150Stm wafer probe card. The PH150S wafer probe card leverages the Company’s proprietary technologies, including its MicroSpring contact and design technologies and its precision micro machining manufacturing processes, to test 300 mm DRAM or Flash memory wafers in as few as four touchdowns. The PH150S wafer probe card addresses the test issues and expands test capacity of capital equipment by enabling higher test throughput, producing a lower total cost of test for memory manufacturers.
      Because FormFactor customers typically use the Company’s wafer probe cards in a wide range of operating temperatures, as opposed to conducting wafer probe test at one predetermined temperature, the Company has designed thermal compensation characteristics into its products. The Company selects its wafer probe card materials after careful consideration of the potential range of test operating temperatures and designs its wafer probe cards to provide for a precise match with the thermal expansion characteristics of the wafer under test. As a result, FormFactor wafer probe cards generally are able to accurately probe over a large range of operating temperatures. This feature enables the Company’s customers to use the same wafer probe card for both low and high temperature testing without a loss of performance. In addition, for those testing situations that require positional accuracy at a specific temperature, the Company has designed wafer probe cards optimized for testing at such temperatures.
      FormFactor’s many spring shapes, different geometrically-precise tip structures, various array sizes and diverse printed circuit board layouts enable a wide variety of solutions for its customers. The Company’s

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designers select the most appropriate of these elements, or modify or improve upon such existing elements, and integrate them with the Company’s other technologies to deliver a custom solution optimized for the customer’s requirements.
Customers
      FormFactor’s customers include manufacturers in the DRAM, flash and logic markets. The Company’s customers use its wafer probe cards to test DRAM chips including DDR, RDRAM, SDRAM and EDRAM, static RAM chips, NOR and NAND flash memory chips, serial data devices, chipsets, microprocessors and microcontrollers.
      In fiscal 2004, sales to four customers accounted for 64.8% of the Company’s revenues. In fiscal 2003, sales to four customers accounted for 66.2% of the Company’s revenues. In fiscal 2002, sales to three customers accounted for approximately 67.9% of the Company’s revenues.
      The customers accounting for these revenues were as follows:
                         
    Fiscal 2004   Fiscal 2003   Fiscal 2002
             
Intel Corporation
    14.5 %     30.1 %     26.9 %
Spirox Corporation
    20.0 %     13.4 %     20.9 %
Elpida
    18.7 %     12.4 %     *  
Infineon Technologies AG
    11.6 %     10.3 %     20.1 %
 
Less than 10% of revenues.
      Except as identified above, no customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenues during any of the last three fiscal years.
Manufacturing
      The Company manufactures its products at its facilities in Livermore, California. FormFactor’s proprietary manufacturing processes include wirebonding, photolithography, plating and metallurgical processes, dry and electro-deposition, and complex interconnection system design. The critical steps in the Company’s manufacturing process are performed in a Class 100 clean room environment. FormFactor also expends resources on the assembly and test of its wafer probe cards and on quality control.
      In 2004 the Company started transitioning its manufacturing operations to its new campus facility. Once the Company completes the bring-up of its new manufacturing facility and any required third party qualification requirements, the new facility is expected to increase the efficiency of the Company’s manufacturing operations.
      FormFactor depends upon suppliers for some critical components of its manufacturing processes, including ceramic substrates and complex printed circuit boards, and for materials used in its manufacturing processes. Some of these components and materials are supplied by a single vendor. Generally, the Company relies on purchase orders rather than long-term contracts with its suppliers, which subjects the Company to risks including price increases and component shortages. Management continues to evaluate alternative sources of supply for these components and for materials.
      FormFactor maintains a repair and service capability in Livermore, California. The Company provides service and maintenance capabilities in its service center in Seoul, South Korea. The Company also has a repair and service center in Dresden, Germany and Tokyo, Japan.
Research, Development and Engineering
      The semiconductor industry is subject to rapid technological change and new product introductions and enhancements. Management believes that the Company’s continued commitment to research and development and timely introduction of new and enhanced wafer probe test solutions and other technologies related to

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its MicroSpring interconnect technology is integral to maintaining its competitive position. FormFactor has and is continuing to invest considerable time and resources in creating structured processes for undertaking, tracking and completing the Company’s development projects, and plans to implement those developments into new product or technology offerings. The Company expects to continue to allocate significant resources to these efforts and to use automation and information technology to provide additional efficiencies in the Company’s research and development activities.
      FormFactor has historically devoted on average approximately 15% of its revenues to research and development programs. Research and development expenses were $19.8 million for fiscal 2004, $15.6 million for fiscal 2003 and $14.6 million for fiscal 2002.
      The Company’s research and development and product engineering activities are directed by individuals with significant expertise and industry experience. As of December 25, 2004, the Company had 91 employees in research and development.
Sales and Marketing
      FormFactor sells its products utilizing a proprietary sales model that emphasizes the customer’s total cost of ownership as it relates to the costs of test. With this sales model, the Company strives to demonstrate how test costs can be reduced by simulating the customer’s test floor environment, including testers and probers, utilizing its products and comparing the overall cost of test to that of conventional wafer probe cards.
      The Company sells its products worldwide primarily through its direct sales force, a distributor and independent sales representatives. As of December 25, 2004, FormFactor had 13 sales professionals. In North America, the Company sells its products through its direct sales force. In Europe, the Company’s local sales team works with independent sales representatives. In South Korea, the Company sells its products through its direct sales force. In Taiwan, China and Singapore, FormFactor sells through Spirox Corporation, the Company’s regional distributor. In Japan, the Company sells its products through its Tokyo-based direct sales force.
      The Company’s marketing staff, located in Livermore, California and Tokyo, Japan, works closely with customers to understand their businesses, anticipate trends and define products that will provide significant technical and economic advantages to its customers.
      FormFactor also utilizes a highly skilled team of field application engineers that support the Company’s customers as they integrate the Company’s products into their manufacturing processes. Through this process, the Company develops a close understanding of product and customer requirements, accelerating its customers’ production ramps.
Environmental Matters
      FormFactor is subject to U.S. federal and state and foreign governmental laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. Management believes that the Company complies with all material environmental laws and regulations that apply to FormFactor. In late 2003 and early 2004 FormFactor received notices from the California Department of Toxic Substances Control and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District regarding violations of certain environmental regulations. FormFactor promptly took appropriate steps to address all of the violations noted, believes that all such violations were addressed, and sent correspondence to the agencies confirming such corrective steps. In 2003, the Company resolved a Notice of Violation from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District through its corrective action and a payment of $2,100. In 2004, the Company resolved a Notice of Violation from the California Department of Toxic Substances Control through its corrective action and payment in the amount of $7,750, resolved a Notice of Violation from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District through its corrective action and payment in the amount of $1,000, and resolved a Citation and Notification of Penalty from the California Division of Occupational Safety and Health through its corrective action and payment in the amount of $150. In February and April 2004, the Company received a total of four notices from the City of Livermore Water Resources Division regarding violations of Applicable Discharge Limits in relation to certain of its Wastewater

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Discharge/ Chemical Storage permits. In March 2004, the Company reported to appropriate authorities release of a fuel/water mixture resulting in a Notice of Violation from the City of Livermore Water Resources Division. The Company believes it instituted appropriate corrective actions in all cases. Notwithstanding the Company’s corrective action, the Notices of Violation remain unresolved and the Company may be subject to a penalty or additional enforcement actions based thereupon. In August 2004, the Company reported to the appropriate authorities overflow of wastewater. The Company has not yet received any formal notices from an agency or governmental authority regarding any potential violation or notice of violation; and the matter, to date, remains unresolved.
      In the future, the Company may receive environmental violation notices, and that final resolution of the violations identified by these notices could harm its operating results. New laws and regulations, stricter enforcement of existing laws and regulations, the discovery of previously unknown contamination at the Company’s or others’ sites or the imposition of new cleanup requirements also could harm the Company’s operating results.
Competition
      The highly competitive wafer probe card market is comprised of many domestic and foreign companies, and has historically been fragmented with many local suppliers servicing individual customers. Current and potential competitors in the wafer probe card market include Advantest Corporation, AMST Co., Ltd., Cascade Microtech, Inc., Feinmetall GmbH, Japan Electronic Materials Corporation, Kulicke and Soffa Industries, Inc., Micronics Japan Co., Ltd., Phicom Corporation, SCS Hightech, Inc., and Tokyo Electron Ltd., among others. In addition to the ability to address wafer probe card performance issues, the primary competitive factors in the Company’s industry include product quality and reliability, price, total cost of ownership, lead times, the ability to provide prompt and effective customer service, field applications support and timeliness of delivery.
      Some of FormFactor’s competitors are also suppliers of other types of test equipment or other semiconductor equipment, or offer both advanced wafer probe cards and needle probe cards, and may have greater financial and other resources than the Company does. The Company expects that its competitors will enhance their current wafer probe products and may introduce new products that will be competitive with FormFactor’s wafer probe cards. In addition, new competitors, including test equipment manufacturers, may offer new technologies that reduce the value of the Company’s wafer probe cards.
      Additionally, semiconductor manufacturers may implement chip designs that include built-in self-test capabilities or similar functions or methodologies that increase test throughput and eliminate some or all of the Company’s current competitive advantages. The Company’s ability to compete favorably is also negatively impacted by low volume orders that do not meet its present minimum volume requirements, by very short cycle time requirements that the Company cannot meet because of its design or manufacturing processes, by long-standing relationships between its competitors and certain semiconductor manufacturers, and by semiconductor manufacturer test strategies that include low performance semiconductor testers.
Intellectual Property
      FormFactor’s success depends in part upon its ability to maintain and protect its proprietary technology and to conduct the Company’s business without infringing the proprietary rights of others. The Company relies on a combination of patents, trade secret laws, trademarks and contractual restrictions on disclosure to protect its intellectual property rights.
      As of December 25, 2004, the Company had 266 issued patents, of which 142 are United States patents and 124 are foreign patents. The expiration dates of these patents range from 2013 to 2023. FormFactor’s issued patents cover the Company’s core interconnect technology, as well as some of its inventions related to wafer probe cards and testing, wafer-level packaging and test, sockets and assemblies and chips. In addition, as of December 25, 2004, FormFactor had 329 patent applications pending worldwide, including 113 United States applications, 200 foreign national or regional stage applications and 16 Patent Cooperation Treaty applications. The Company cannot predict whether its current patent applications, or any future patent

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applications that the Company may file, will result in a patent being issued with the scope of the claims FormFactor seeks, or at all, or whether any patents that the Company may receive will be challenged or invalidated. Even if additional patents are issued, FormFactor’s patents might not provide sufficiently broad coverage to protect its proprietary rights or to avoid a third party claim against one or more of its products or technologies.
      FormFactor has both registered and unregistered trademarks, including FormFactor, MicroSpring, MicroForce, MicroLign, MOST, PH150S, S200, TRE and the FormFactor logo.
      FormFactor routinely requires its employees, customers, suppliers and potential business partners to enter into confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements before the Company discloses to them any sensitive or proprietary information regarding its products, technology or business plans. The Company requires employees to assign to it proprietary information, inventions and other intellectual property they create, modify or improve.
      Legal protections afford only limited protection for the Company’s proprietary rights. Despite the Company’s efforts to protect its proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of its products or to obtain and use information that the Company regards as proprietary. Others might independently develop similar or competing technologies or methods or design around the Company’s patents. In addition, leading companies in the semiconductor industry have extensive patent portfolios and other intellectual property with respect to semiconductor technology. In the future, FormFactor might receive claims that it is infringing intellectual property rights of others or that its patents or other intellectual property rights are invalid. FormFactor has received in the past, and may receive in the future, communications from third parties inquiring about our interest in licensing certain of their intellectual property or more generally identifying intellectual property that may be of interest to the Company.
      FormFactor has invested significant time and resources in its technology, and as a part of its ongoing efforts to protect the intellectual property embodied in its proprietary technology, including its MicroSpring interconnect technology, the Company will be required to enforce its intellectual property rights against any infringing third parties. In February 2004, the Company filed in the Seoul Southern District Court, located in Seoul, South Korea, two separate complaints against Phicom Corporation, a Korean corporation, alleging infringement of a total of four Korean patents issued to FormFactor, and is seeking injunctive relief. In March 2004, Phicom filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office invalidity actions challenging the validity of some or all of the claims of each of the four Company patents at issue. In November 2004, the Korean Intellectual Property Office dismissed Phicom’s challenges against three of the patents-at-issue, but did not rule on the fourth. Phicom has appealed the dismissals of the challenges.
      On March 4, 2005, the Company filed a patent infringement lawsuit in federal district court in Oregon against Phicom charging that it is willfully infringing four U.S. patents that cover key aspects of FormFactor’s wafer probe cards. The complaint in this action alleges that Phicom has incorporated the Company’s proprietary technology into its products and seeks both injunctive relief and monetary damages. As of the date of this Annual Report, Phicom had not responded to this complaint.
      Other third parties have initiated challenges in foreign patent offices against other Company patents. While the Company does not have a monetary damages exposure in these various invalidity proceedings, it is possible the Company will incur material expenses in defending its intellectual property at issue. Litigation may be necessary to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity, to determine the validity and scope of the Company’s proprietary rights or those of others, to enforce the Company’s intellectual property rights or to protect its trade secrets. If FormFactor threatens or initiates litigation, the Company may be subject to claims by third parties against which it must defend. Intellectual property litigation, whether or not resolved in the Company’s favor, is expensive and time-consuming and could divert management’s attention from running FormFactor’s business. If an infringement claim against the Company resulted in an adverse ruling, FormFactor could be required to pay substantial damages, cease the use or sale of infringing products, spend significant resources to develop non-infringing technology, discontinue the use of certain technology or obtain a license to the technology. Management cannot predict whether a license agreement would be available, or whether the terms and conditions would be acceptable to the Company. In addition, many of FormFactor

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customer contracts contain provisions that require the Company to indemnify its customers for third party intellectual property infringement claims, which would increase the cost to FormFactor of an adverse ruling in such a claim. An adverse determination could also prevent the Company from licensing its technologies and methods to others.
Employees
      As of December 25, 2004, FormFactor had 485 full-time employees, including 91 in research and development, 52 in sales and marketing, 38 in general and administrative functions, and 304 in operations. By region, 447 of the Company’s employees were in North America, 22 in Japan, 11 in South Korea and 5 in Europe. No employees are currently covered by a collective bargaining agreement. The Company believes that its relations with its employees is good.
Available Information
      Our Internet website is located at http://www.formfactor.com. Please note that information on our website is not incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We make available free of charge on our website our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.
      The public may also read and copy any materials that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding us and other issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The SEC’s Internet website is located at http://www.sec.gov.
Item 1A:      Our Executive Officers
      The names of the Company’s executive officers, their ages as of December  25, 2004 and their positions with FormFactor are set forth below.
         
Name   Age   Position
         
Dr. Igor Y. Khandros
  50   Chief Executive Officer and Director
Joseph R. Bronson
  56   President, Member of the Office of the Chief Executive Officer and Director
Jens Meyerhoff
  40   Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer
Benjamin N. Eldridge
  45   Senior Vice President of Development and Chief Technical Officer
Yoshikazu Hatsukano
  65   Senior Vice President of Asia-Pacific Operations and President of FormFactor K.K.
Peter B. Mathews
  42   Senior Vice President of Worldwide Sales
Stuart L. Merkadeau
  43   Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Richard Mittermaier
  42   Principal Accounting Officer
      Dr. Igor Y. Khandros founded FormFactor in April 1993. Dr. Khandros has served as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer and as Director since April 1993. He also served as President from April 1993 to November 2004. From 1990 to 1992, Dr. Khandros served as the Vice President of Development of Tessera, Inc., a provider of chip scale packaging technology that he co-founded. From 1986 to 1990, he was employed at the Yorktown Research Center of IBM Corporation as a member of the technical staff and a manager. From 1979 to 1985, Dr. Khandros was employed at ABEX Corporation, a casting foundry and

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composite parts producer, as a research metallurgist and a manager, and he was an engineer from 1977 to 1978 at the Institute of Casting Research in Kiev, Russia. Dr. Khandros holds a M.S. equivalent degree in metallurgical engineering from Kiev Polytechnic Institute in Kiev, Russia, and a Ph.D. in metallurgy from Stevens Institute of Technology.
      Joseph R. Bronson has served as our President and a member of the Office of the Chief Executive Officer since November 2004. Mr. Bronson has also served as a Director since April 2002. He was an executive Vice President of Applied Materials, Inc., a manufacturer of semiconductor wafer fabrication equipment from December 2000 to October 2004, and a member of the Office of the President and the Chief Financial Officer of Applied Materials from January 1998 to October 2004. Mr. Bronson served as a Senior Vice President and as the Chief Administrative Officer of Applied Materials from January 1998 to December 2002, and as a Group Vice President of Applied Materials from April 1994 to January 1998. Mr. Bronson serves on the Board of Directors of two publicly traded companies, Jacob Engineering Group Inc. and Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. Mr. Bronson is a Certified Public Accountant and holds a B.S. in accounting from Fairfield University and a M.B.A. from the University of Connecticut.
      Benjamin N. Eldridge has served as the Company’s Senior Vice President of Development and Chief Technical Officer since September 2000. Mr. Eldridge also served as the Company’s Vice President of Development from June 1997 to September 2000, as the Company’s Director of Development from June 1995 to June 1997 and as the Company’s Manager of Development Engineering from November 1994 to May 1995. From 1984 to October 1994, he was employed at the TJ Watson Research Center of IBM Corporation, where he held various engineering positions in the Physical Sciences and Computer Science departments. Mr. Eldridge holds a B.S. in electrical engineering from Union College and a M.S. in physics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
      Yoshikazu Hatsukano has served as the Company’s Senior Vice President of Asia-Pacific Operations since April 2001, and as the President of FormFactor K.K., a wholly owned subsidiary, since December 1998. From 1961 to October 1998, Mr. Hatsukano was employed by various companies affiliated with Hitachi, Ltd., where he held several management positions including the President of Hitachi Micro Systems, Inc. from 1991 to October 1998 and the Vice General Manager of the Hitachi Semiconductor Design and Development Center from 1990 to 1991. Mr. Hatsukano holds a B.S. in electronics from Kyoto University in Kyoto, Japan.
      Peter B. Mathews has served as the Company’s Senior Vice President of Worldwide Sales since October 2003. Mr. Mathews served as the Company’s Vice President of Worldwide Sales from April 1999 to September 2003, and as the Company’s Director, Worldwide Sales and Business Development from March 1997 to April 1999. From May 1992 to March 1997, Mr. Mathews was employed at MicroModule Systems, a manufacturer of multichip modules and interconnect test products, where he most recently held the position of Director of Marketing and Business Development. From 1989 to May 1992, he served as the U.S. Sales Manager for the Advanced Packaging Systems Division of Raychem Corporation, a component manufacturer for electronic and energy applications that was acquired by Tyco Electronics Ltd. Mr. Mathews holds a B.S. in chemical engineering from Cornell University.
      Stuart L. Merkadeau has served as a Senior Vice President since October 2003 and as the Company’s General Counsel and Secretary since October 2002. Mr. Merkadeau served as one of the Company’s Vice Presidents from October 2002 to September 2003, and as the Company’s Vice President of Intellectual Property from July 2000 to October 2002. From 1990 to July 2000, Mr. Merkadeau practiced law as an associate and then a partner with Graham & James LLP, where he specialized in licensing and strategic counseling in intellectual property matters. Mr. Merkadeau is admitted to practice in California and registered to practice before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Mr. Merkadeau holds a B.S. in industrial engineering from Northwestern University and a J.D. from the University of California at Los Angeles.
      Jens Meyerhoff has served as the Company’s Chief Operating Officer since April 2004 and as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer since August 2000. He served as the Senior Vice President of Operations from January 2003 to April 2004. He served as a Senior Vice President from August 2000 to January 2003, and as the Company’s Secretary from April 2002 to October 2002. From March 1998 to August 2000, Mr. Meyerhoff served as the Chief Financial Officer and the Senior Vice President, Materials at Siliconix

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Incorporated, a manufacturer of power and analog semiconductor products. From 1991 to February 1998, Mr. Meyerhoff was employed in various corporate controller and financial positions with the North American subsidiaries as well as the German headquarters of Daimler-Benz AG. Mr. Meyerhoff holds a German Wirtschaftsinformatiker degree, which is the equivalent of a finance and information technology degree, from Daimler-Benz’s Executive Training program.
      Richard Mittermaier has served as the Company’s Principal Accounting Officer and Director of Accounting since November 2004. He joined the Company in November 2000 as Senior Accounting Manager and has 10 years of accounting-related experience in the United States and, prior to that, 5 years of accounting-related experience with Daimler Benz AG in Germany. Mr. Mittermaier will transition from his interim role as the Company’s Principal Accounting Officer when Ronald C. Foster assumes his role as the Company’s dedicated Chief Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer in March 2005.
Item 2:      Properties
      FormFactor’s corporate headquarters is located in Livermore, California and includes administrative, manufacturing, engineering, and research and development facilities. The Company leases its corporate headquarters. In addition, FormFactor also leases office, repair and service, and/or research and development space internationally. FormFactor’s started moving operations to a new facility in Livermore, California in the fourth quarter of 2004. The new facility is comprised of a campus of four buildings totaling approximately 131,000 square feet. The Company presently leases all or part of these four buildings. The leases expire at various times through 2012. We believe that our existing and planned facilities are suitable for our current needs.
      Information concerning FormFactor’s principal properties as of December  25, 2004 is set forth below:
                   
        Square    
Location   Principal Use   Footage   Ownership
             
Livermore, CA
  Corporate headquarters, product design,     278,597     Leased
  (includes the new facility and all
other Livermore, CA space)
  manufacturing, engineering, distribution, research and development            
Tokyo, Japan
  Sales office, marketing, research and development, product design and field service     8,891     Leased
Seoul, Korea
  Sales office, product design, field service, service and repair center     7,608     Leased
Dresden, Germany
  Service and repair center     755     Leased
Munich, Germany
  Sales office     162     Leased
Item 3: Legal Proceedings
      From time to time, the Company may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. As of the date of this Annual Report, the Company was not involved in any material legal proceedings, other than as set forth below.
      On February 24, 2004, the Company filed in the Seoul Southern District Court, located in Seoul, South Korea, two separate complaints against Phicom Corporation, a Korean corporation, alleging infringement of a total of four Korean patents issued to FormFactor. One Complaint alleges that Phicom is infringing FormFactor’s Korean Patent Nos. 252,457, entitled “Method of Fabricating Interconnections Using Cantilever Elements and Sacrificial Substrates,” and 324,064, entitled “Contact Tip Structures for Microelectronic Interconnection Elements and Methods of Making Same.” The other Complaint alleges Phicom is infringing FormFactor’s Korean Patent Nos. 278,342, entitled “Method of Altering the Orientation of Probe Elements in a Probe Card Assembly,” and 399,210, entitled “Probe Card Assembly.” Both of the Complaints seek injunctive relief. The court actions are a part of FormFactor’s ongoing efforts to protect the intellectual property embodied in its proprietary technology, including its MicroSpring interconnect technology.

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      On or about March 19, 2004, Phicom filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office invalidity actions challenging the validity of some or all of the claims of each of the four Company patents at issue. The Korean Intellectual Property Office has dismissed Phicom’s challenges against three of the patents-at-issue, and has not ruled on the fourth. Phicom has appealed the dismissals of the challenges.
      On March 4, 2005, the Company filed a patent infringement lawsuit in federal district court in Oregon against Phicom charging that it is willfully infringing four U.S. patents that cover key aspects of the Company’s wafer probe cards. The complaint in this action alleges that Phicom has incorporated FormFactor proprietary technology into its products and seeks both injunctive relief and monetary damages. The U.S. patents identified in the complaint are U.S. Patent No. 5,974,662, entitled “Method of Planarizing Tips of Probe Elements of a Probe Card Assembly”, U.S. Patent No. 6,246,247, entitled “Probe Card Assembly and Kit, and Methods of Using Same”, U.S. Patent No. 6,624,648, entitled “Probe Card Assembly” and U.S. Patent No. 5,994,152, entitled “Fabricating Interconnects and Tips Using Sacrificial Substrates”. As of the date of this Annual Report, Phicom had not yet responded to this complaint.
      The Company could incur material expenses in these litigations.
Item 4: Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
      None.
PART II
Item 5: Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Price Range of Common Stock
      The Common Stock of FormFactor has been listed on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “FORM” since June 12, 2003. Prior to this time, there was no public market for FormFactor’s Common Stock. The following table sets forth the range of high and low sales prices per share as reported on the Nasdaq National Market for the periods indicated.
                 
Fiscal Year 2004   High   Low
         
First Quarter
  $ 21.90     $ 17.61  
Second Quarter
    22.52       17.22  
Third Quarter
    22.45       16.36  
Fourth Quarter
    28.51       18.80  
                 
Fiscal Year 2003   High   Low
         
Second Quarter (from June 12, 2003)
  $ 21.00     $ 16.21  
Third Quarter
    23.07       17.00  
Fourth Quarter
    27.69       17.55  
      As of March 7, 2005, there were approximately 168 registered holders of record of the Company’s Common Stock.
Dividend Policy
      FormFactor has never declared or paid cash dividends on its common stock. Because of certain features of our preferred stock outstanding prior to our initial public offering in June 2003, we were required to record non-cash dividends on the preferred stock. FormFactor currently expects to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation and development of its business. Accordingly, FormFactor does not anticipate declaring or paying cash dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future.

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Use of Initial Public Offering Proceeds
      The Securities and Exchange Commission declared FormFactor’s first registration statement, which it filed on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-86738) under the Securities Act of 1933 in connection with the initial public offering of its common stock, effective on June 11, 2003. Through this registration statement, FormFactor registered 6,505,305 shares on its behalf and 394,695 shares on behalf of certain stockholders of FormFactor. All of the shares of FormFactor’s common stock that it registered were sold for an aggregate public offering price of $96.6 million. The net proceeds to the Company after paying underwriting discounts and commissions and offering costs was approximately $82.0 million. In addition, the selling stockholders paid approximately $2.7 million to FormFactor from their net proceeds in the offering to repay loans FormFactor had made to them. As of December 25, 2004, the Company invested the net proceeds of the offering in short-term investment-grade, interest bearing instruments.

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Item 6: Selected Financial Data
      The following selected consolidated financial data are derived from FormFactor’s consolidated financial statements. This data should be read in conjunction with FormFactor’s consolidated financial statements and the related notes, and “Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
                                             
    Dec. 30,   Dec. 29,   Dec. 28,   Dec. 27,   Dec. 25,
    2000   2001   2002   2003   2004
                     
    (In thousands, except per share data)
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
                                       
Revenues
  $ 56,406     $ 73,433     $ 78,684     $ 98,302     $ 177,762  
Cost of revenues
    28,243       38,385       39,456       49,929       90,159  
Stock-based compensation
          73       426       612       626  
                               
Gross margin
    28,163       34,975       38,802       47,761       86,977  
Operating expenses:
                                       
 
Research and development
    11,995       14,619       14,592       15,569       19,813  
 
Selling, general and administrative
    15,434       18,500       17,005       19,044       29,018  
 
Stock-based compensation
    259       601       2,039       2,550       2,033  
 
Restructuring charges
          1,380                    
                               
   
Total operating expenses
    27,688       35,100       33,636       37,163       50,864  
                               
Operating income (loss)
    475       (125 )     5,166       10,598       36,113  
Interest and other income (expense), net
    1,719       477       642       1,566       2,950  
                               
Income before income taxes
    2,194       352       5,808       12,164       39,063  
Benefit (provision) for income taxes
    (115 )     (307 )     3,558       (4,649 )     (13,885 )
                               
Net income
    2,079       45       9,366       7,515       25,178  
Preferred stock dividend
    (3,988 )     (4,830 )     (5,272 )     (2,340 )      
Amount allocated to participating preferred stockholders
                (3,479 )     (10 )      
                               
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders
  $ (1,909 )   $ (4,785 )   $ 615     $ 5,165     $ 25,178  
                               
Net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders:
                                       
 
Basic
  $ (0.57 )   $ (1.19 )   $ 0.14     $ 0.25     $ 0.67  
 
Diluted
  $ (0.57 )   $ (1.19 )   $ 0.10     $ 0.19     $ 0.63  
Weighted-average number of shares used in per share calculations:
                                       
 
Basic
    3,370       4,032       4,413       21,012       37,647  
 
Diluted
    3,370       4,032       5,906       29,280       40,054  
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
                                       
Cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and restricted cash
  $ 16,897     $ 27,576     $ 37,178     $ 181,820     $ 193,733  
Working capital
    23,391       31,074       40,641       190,844       205,105  
Total assets
    47,499       62,264       77,955       239,236       302,566  
Long-term debt, less current portion
    521       1,167       625              
Redeemable convertible preferred stock and warrants
    55,129       65,201       65,201              
Deferred stock based compensation, net
    (184 )     (4,051 )     (10,782 )     (7,902 )     (5,413 )
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)
    (18,586 )     (17,582 )     (4,604 )     215,014       265,175  

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Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
      The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions as described under the “Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” that appears earlier in this Form 10-K. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under “Trends, Risks and Uncertainties” and elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
Overview
      We design, develop, manufacture, sell and support precision, high performance advanced semiconductor wafer probe cards. Semiconductor manufacturers use our wafer probe cards to perform wafer probe test on the whole semiconductor wafer in the front end of the semiconductor manufacturing process. After the fabrication of a semiconductor wafer, the chips on the wafer are subject to wafer probe test. During wafer probe test, a wafer probe card is mounted in a prober, which is in turn connected to a semiconductor tester, and the wafer probe card is used as an interface to connect electronically with and test individual chips on a wafer. At the core of our product offering are our proprietary technologies, including our MicroSpring interconnect technology and design processes. Our MicroSpring interconnect technology includes a resilient contact element manufactured at our production facilities in Livermore, California.
      We operate in a single industry segment for the design, development, manufacture, sale and support of precision, high performance advanced semiconductor wafer probe cards, and, to date we have derived our revenues primarily from the sale of wafer probe cards incorporating our MicroSpring interconnect technology.
      We were formed in 1993 and in 1995 introduced our first commercial product. During 1996, we introduced the industry’s first memory wafer probe card capable of testing up to 32 devices in parallel. Our revenues increased from $1.1 million in fiscal 1995 to $177.8 million in fiscal 2004. Management focuses on various external measures that impact our performance, including for example, semiconductor manufacturer technology transitions, semiconductor manufacturing wafer fabrication facility expansions; semiconductor device architecture changes and implementations, and new market developments.
      We work closely with our customers to design, develop and manufacture custom wafer probe cards. Each wafer probe card is a custom product that is specific to the chip and wafer designs of the customer. Our customers, in turn, operate in the highly cyclical semiconductor industry and are subject to severe fluctuations in the demand for their products. Because of the nature of our customers and our business, our revenue growth is driven in significant part by the number of new semiconductor designs, that our customers develop, the technology transitions involved in these designs and our customers’ production volumes. In the past, this has resulted in our being subject to demand fluctuations that have resulted in significant variations of revenues, expenses and results of operations in the periods presented. We expect these fluctuations, and the resulting variations in our financial results, to continue in future periods.
      The majority of our sales are directly to semiconductor manufacturers. In fiscal 2004, sales to four customers accounted for 64.8% of the Company’s revenues. Because the semiconductor industry is a relatively concentrated industry, we believe that sales to a limited number of customers will continue to account for a substantial part of our business. We generally have limited backlog and therefore we rely upon orders that are booked and shipped in the same quarter for a majority of our revenues. Our backlog increased from $25.3 million at December 27, 2003 to $32.9 million at December 25, 2004. We manufacture our wafer probe cards based on order backlog and customer commitments. Backlog includes only orders for which written authorizations have been accepted, shipment dates within 12 months have been assigned and revenue has not been recognized. In addition, backlog includes service revenue for existing product service agreements to be earned within the next 12 months. In addition to direct sales we also have significant sales to our distributor in Taiwan. Sales to our distributor were 20.0% of revenues in fiscal 2004. Sales to our distributor were 13.4% of revenues in fiscal 2003 and 22.6% of revenues in fiscal 2002. We sold our products in Japan through a

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distributor until March 31, 2002, when we began to sell directly in Japan. Currently, we have one distributor, Spirox Corporation, which serves Taiwan, Singapore and China. We also have the ability to sell our products directly to customers in that region.
      We believe the following information is key to understanding our business, our financial statements and the remainder of this discussion and analysis of our financial condition:
      Fiscal Year. Our fiscal year ends on the last Saturday in December. The fiscal years ended December 25, 2004, December 27, 2003 and December 28, 2002 had 52 weeks each.
      Revenues. We derive our revenues from product sales, license and development fees and royalties. Wafer probe card sales accounted for 99.9% of our revenues in fiscal 2004, 99.8% of our revenues in fiscal 2003 and 99.9% of our revenues in fiscal 2002. Revenues from licensing of our design and manufacturing technologies have historically been insignificant. Increases in revenues have resulted from increased demand for our existing products, the introduction of new, more complex products and the penetration of new markets. Revenues from our customers are subject to both quarterly, annual and other fluctuations due to design cycles, technology adoption rates and cyclicality of the different end markets into which our customers’ products are sold. We expect that revenues from the sale of wafer probe cards will continue to account for substantially all of our revenues for the foreseeable future.
      Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues consists primarily of manufacturing materials, payroll and manufacturing-related overhead. Our manufacturing operations rely upon a limited number of suppliers to provide key components and materials for our products, some of which are sole source suppliers. We order materials and supplies based on backlog and forecasted customer orders. Tooling and setup costs related to changing manufacturing lots at our suppliers are also included in the cost of revenues. We expense all warranty costs and inventory reserves or write-offs of inventory as cost of revenues.
      We design, manufacture and sell a fully custom product into a market that is subject to significant cyclicality and demand fluctuations. Wafer probe cards are complex products, custom to every specific chip design and have to be delivered on lead-times of most manufacturers’ cycle times. It is therefore common to start production and to acquire production materials ahead of the receipt of an actual purchase order. Wafer probe cards are manufactured in low volumes, therefore, material purchases are often subject to minimum purchase order quantities in excess of our actual demand. Inventory valuation adjustments for these factors are considered a normal component of cost of revenues.
      Research and Development. Research and development expenses include expenses related to product development, engineering and material costs. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred. We devoted 11.2%, 15.8% and 18.5% of our revenues to research and development programs in fiscal 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. We plan to continue to invest a significant amount in research and development activities to develop new technologies for current and new markets and new applications.
      Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses include expenses related to sales, marketing and administrative personnel, internal and outside sales representatives’ commissions, market research and consulting, and other marketing and sales activities. We expect that selling expenses will increase as revenues increase, and we expect that general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars to support future operations, as well as from the additional costs of being a publicly traded company including compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley. As revenues increase, we expect selling, general and administrative expenses to decline as a percentage of revenues.
      Stock-Based Compensation. In connection with the grant of stock options to employees in fiscal 2001, fiscal 2002, and in fiscal 2003 through our initial public offering in June 2003, we recorded an aggregate of $14.3 million in deferred stock-based compensation. These options are considered compensatory because the fair value of our stock determined for financial reporting purposes is greater than the fair value determined on the date of the grant. In addition, we recorded an aggregate of $1.0 million in deferred stock-based compensation in fiscal 2004 related to the issuance of restricted stock. As of December 25, 2004, we had an aggregate of $5.4 million of deferred stock-based compensation remaining to be amortized. This deferred stock-based compensation balance would be amortized, absent adoption of FASB 123R, as follows:

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$2.8 million during fiscal 2005; $1.7 million during fiscal 2006; $831,000 during fiscal 2007. We are amortizing this deferred stock-based compensation on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the related options, which is generally four to five years. For options granted to employees to date, the amount of stock-based compensation amortization to be recognized in future periods could decrease if options for which deferred but unvested compensation has been recorded are forfeited.
      Provision for Income Taxes. On October 22, 2004, President Bush signed the American Jobs Creation Act (“the Act”) into law. The Act contains provisions that might affect our future effective tax rate. Among other things, the Act will provide a one-time dividends received deduction for certain foreign earnings repatriated during a one-year period and the replacement of the current extraterritorial income exclusion with a deduction with respect to income of certain U.S. manufacturing activities. The provisions of the Act do not impact the fiscal year 2004 financial statements under current accounting rules. While we are currently evaluating the future impact of the Act, we do not anticipate the impact from the provision of a one-time dividends received deduction on the 2005 effective tax rate would be material due to immaterial accumulated amount of foreign earnings. We are currently evaluating the impact from the provision of U.S. manufacturing activities on the 2005 effective tax rate.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
      The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported. Note 2 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements describes the significant accounting policies used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Certain of these significant accounting policies are considered to be critical accounting policies. A critical accounting policy is defined as a policy that is both material to the presentation of our consolidated financial statements and requires management to apply judgments that could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
      Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to allowance for doubtful receivables, inventories, investments, income taxes, warranty obligations, contingencies, litigation and accrual for other liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. For excess component costs, the estimates are dependent on our expected use of such components and the size of the minimum order quantity imposed by the vendor in relation to our inventory requirements. Because this can vary in each situation, actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
      Estimates and assumptions about future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty. These estimates may change as new events occur, as additional information is obtained and as our operating environment changes. These changes have historically been minor and have been included in the consolidated financial statements as soon as they became known. In addition, we are periodically faced with uncertainties, the outcomes of which are not within our control and will not be known for prolonged periods of time. These uncertainties are discussed in the section below entitled “Trends, Risks and Uncertainties.” Based on a critical assessment of our accounting policies and the underlying judgments and uncertainties affecting the application of those policies, we believe that our consolidated financial statements are fairly stated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and provide a meaningful presentation of our financial condition and results of operations.

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      We believe that the following are critical accounting policies:
      Revenue Recognition. We recognize revenue in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements,” which supersedes SAB 101. SAB 104 requires that four basic criteria must be met before revenue can be recognized: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectibility is reasonably assured. Determination of criteria (2) and (4) are based on management’s judgments regarding the fixed nature of the fee charged for services rendered and products delivered and the collectibility of those fees. Should changes in conditions cause management to determine these criteria are not met for certain future transactions, revenue for those transactions could be deferred and revenue recognized for current reporting periods could be adversely affected.
      Revenues from product sales to customers other than distributors are recognized upon shipment or delivery depending upon the terms of sale and reserves are provided for estimated allowances. We defer recognition of revenues on sales to distributors until the distributor confirms an order from its customer. Revenues from licensing of our design and manufacturing technology, which have been insignificant to date, are recognized over the term of the license agreement or when the significant contractual obligations have been fulfilled.
      Warranty Reserve. We provide for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. While we engage in extensive product quality programs and processes, including actively monitoring and evaluating the quality of our component suppliers, our warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. We continuously monitor product returns for warranty and maintain a reserve for the related expenses based upon our historical experience and any specifically identified field failures. As we sell new products to our customers, we must exercise considerable judgment in estimating the expected failure rates. This estimating process is based on historical experience of similar products, the estimated warranty period, which is generally 9 to 18 months, as well as various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Should actual product failure rates, material usage or service delivery costs differ from our estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required.
      From time to time, we may be subject to additional costs related to warranty claims from our customers. If and when this occurs, we generally make significant judgments and estimates in establishing the related warranty liability. This estimating process is based on historical experience, communication with our customers, and various assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. This additional warranty would be recorded in the determination of net income in the period in which the additional cost was identified.
      Inventory Reserve. We state our inventories at the lower of cost, computed on a first in, first out basis, or market. We record inventory reserve for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventories equal to the difference between the cost of inventories and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory reserve would be required. Inventory reserves once established are not reversed until the related inventory has been scrapped or sold.
      Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of. We account for the impairment of long-lived assets in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard, or SFAS, No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”. We evaluate the carrying value of our long-lived assets whenever certain events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. Such events or circumstances include, but are not limited to, a prolonged industry downturn, a significant decline in our market value or significant reductions in projected future cash flows.
      Significant judgments and assumptions are required in the forecast of future operating results used in the preparation of the estimated future cash flows, including profit margins, long-term forecasts of the amounts

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and timing of overall market growth and our percentage of that market, groupings of assets, discount rates and terminal growth rates. In addition, significant estimates and assumptions are required in the determination of the fair value of our tangible long-lived assets, including replacement cost, economic obsolescence, and the value that could be realized in orderly liquidation. Changes in these estimates could have a material adverse effect on the assessment of our long-lived assets, thereby requiring us to write down the assets. Our net long-lived assets as of December 25, 2004 and December 27, 2003, included property and equipment of $59.4 million and $22.6 million, respectively.
      Accounting for Income Taxes. We account for income taxes under the provisions of SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” Under this method, we determine deferred tax assets and liabilities based upon the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. The tax consequences of most events recognized in the current year’s financial statements are included in determining income taxes currently payable. However, because tax laws and financial accounting standards differ in their recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, expenses, gains and losses, differences arise between the amount of taxable income and pre-tax financial income for a year and between the tax bases of assets or liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. Because it is assumed that the reported amounts of assets and liabilities will be recovered and settled, respectively, a difference between the tax basis of an asset or a liability and its reported amount in the balance sheet will result in a taxable or a deductible amount in some future years when the related liabilities are settled or the reported amounts of the assets are recovered, hence giving rise to a deferred tax asset. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and to the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance.
      As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes. This process involves estimating our actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences that may result in deferred tax assets. Management judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. Any such valuation allowance would be based on our estimates of taxable income and the period over which our deferred tax assets would be recoverable. While management has considered future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance, if we were to determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets would result in additional income tax expense in such period.
      In fiscal 2002, we released our valuation allowance because, based upon our recurring level of profitability, we believed that it was more likely than not that we would be able to utilize our deferred tax assets before they expired. In fiscal 2003 and 2004, given our increasing levels of profitability, we concluded that it is more likely than not that we will be able to utilize our deferred tax assets before they expire.
      We calculate our current and deferred tax provision based on estimates and assumptions that could differ from the actual results reflected in income tax returns filed. Differences between tax provision and tax return may occur and such adjustments are recorded when identified, which is generally in the third quarter of the subsequent year for U.S. federal and state provisions.
      The amount of income taxes we pay is subject to ongoing audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities which might result in proposed assessments. Our estimate for the potential outcome for any uncertain tax issue is judgmental in nature. However, we believe we have adequately provided for any reasonable foreseeable outcome related to those matters. Our future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to our estimated tax liabilities in the period the assessments are made or resolved or when statutes of limitation on potential assessments expire.

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Results of Operations
      The following table presents our historical operating results for the periods indicated as a percentage of revenues:
                             
    Fiscal Year Ended
     
    Dec. 28,   Dec. 27,   Dec. 25,
    2002   2003   2004
             
Revenues
    100.0 %     100.0 %     100.0 %
Cost of revenues
    50.1       50.8       50.7  
Stock-based compensation
    0.5       0.6       0.4  
                   
Gross margin
    49.4       48.6       48.9  
Operating expenses:
                       
 
Research and development
    18.5       15.8       11.2  
 
Selling, general and administrative
    21.6       19.4       16.3  
 
Stock-based compensation
    2.6       2.6       1.1  
                   
   
Total operating expenses
    42.7       37.8       28.6  
                   
Operating income
    6.7       10.8       20.3  
Interest and other income, net
    0.8       1.6       1.7  
                   
Income before income taxes
    7.5       12.4       22.0  
Benefit (provision) for income taxes
    4.5       (4.7 )     (7.8 )
                   
Net income
    12.0       7.7       14.2  
                   
Preferred stock dividend
    (6.7 )     (2.4 )      
Amount allocated to participating preferred stockholders
    (4.4 )            
                   
Net income available to common stockholders
    0.9 %     5.3 %     14.2 %
                   
Fiscal Years Ended December 25, 2004 and December 27, 2003
      Revenues. Revenues for fiscal 2004 were $177.8 million compared with $98.3 million for fiscal 2003, an increase of $79.5 million, or 80.9%. The $79.5 million increase was due primarily to an increase of $62.3 million in revenues from DRAM manufacturers, an increase of $20.9 million from manufacturers of flash memory devices and an increase of $613,000 in other revenues and a decrease of $4.3 million in revenues from manufacturers of flip chip devices. Revenues continued to grow across all regions as conventional probe cards continue to be replaced by advanced wafer test technologies and more test was performed at the wafer level. The build out of 300mm wafer production capacity brought additional demand for wafer probe cards as part of our customers overall capacity expansion. New applications like mobile RAM, the transition to 110 nanometer technologies, as well as design wins in Flash memory contributed to the overall growth in revenues.
      Revenues for the fourth quarter of 2004 were negatively impacted by approximately $5.0 million due to a severe decline in our production yields caused by contamination of our existing wafer production line at our old production facility.
      The majority of revenues for fiscal 2004 were generated by sales of wafer probe cards to manufacturers of DRAM devices. Sales of wafer probe cards to test DRAM devices accounted for $122.6 million, or 69.0% of revenues for fiscal 2004 compared to $60.3 million, or 61.3% of revenues, for fiscal 2003. The increase was primarily due to a general increase in customer bit production volume as well as the continued execution of major DRAM transitions to 110 and sub 110 nanometer technology, 512 megabit density, 300mm capacity ramps, DDR II architecture and mobile RAM applications.
      Revenues generated from sales to flash memory device manufacturers increased from $18.1 million for fiscal 2003 to $39.0 million for fiscal 2004. The increase was driven by strong bit growth and the demand for

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high parallelism flash memory test products as well as the continued ramp in 300mm capacity. We do not currently expect to continue to realize a 100% growth rate in future fiscal years.
      Revenues from manufacturers of flip chip logic devices decreased to $14.5 million for fiscal 2004 from $18.8 million for fiscal 2003 due to design and mix shift at our customers as well as our continued capacity constraints during 2004.
      Revenues by geographic region for fiscal 2004 as a percentage of revenues were 35.8% in North America, 13.3% in Europe, 25.5% in Japan and 25.4% in Asia Pacific. Revenues by geographic region for fiscal 2003 as a percentage of revenues were 50.1% in North America, 10.3% in Europe, 20.1% in Japan and 19.5% in Asia Pacific. The increase in the percentage of revenues in Japan was primarily due to increased sales to a manufacturer of DRAM devices. The decrease in the percentage for revenues in North America was primarily due to the decrease in sales to manufacturers for flip chip logic devices.
      The following customers accounted for more than 10% of our revenues for fiscal 2004 or fiscal 2003:
                 
    Fiscal 2004   Fiscal 2003
         
Intel Corporation
    14.5 %     30.1 %
Spirox Corporation
    20.0 %     13.4 %
Elpida
    18.7 %     12.4 %
Infineon Technologies AG
    11.6 %     10.3 %
      Gross Margin. Gross margin as a percentage of revenues was 48.9% for fiscal 2004 compared with 48.6% for fiscal 2003. Gross margin remained stable due to higher revenues despite $5.0 million of start up costs for our new factory. Gross margin was negatively impacted by approximately 1.1% due a severe decline in our wafer yields caused by contamination in our existing production line at our old production facility during the fourth quarter. We will continue to incur startup expenses relating to our new factory in 2005, including non-recurring personnel and material expenses required for the new site ramp and qualification as well as redundancy costs for maintaining two production sites in parallel.
      Research and Development. Research and development expenses increased to $19.8 million, or 11.2% of revenues, for fiscal 2004 compared to $15.6 million, or 15.8% of revenues, for fiscal 2003. The increase in absolute dollars was mainly due to an increase of approximately $2.3 million in personnel costs and an increase of approximately $1.9 million in development program materials and related costs. During fiscal 2004, we continued our development of next generation parallelism products, fine pitch memory and logic products, advanced MicroSpring interconnect technology and new process technologies. We are currently building a dedicated research and development line as part of our new site project, as we believe it is critical to continue to make significant investments in research and development.
      Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $29.0 million for fiscal 2004, or 16.3% of revenues, compared to $19.0 million, or 19.4% of revenues, for fiscal 2003. The increase in absolute dollars was mainly due to an increase of approximately $4.2 million in personnel related expenses, an increase of $547,000 in commissions to our sales representatives driven by the increase in revenues and an increase of $3.4 million in outside professional services that primarily related to patent litigation and Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 compliance expenses.
      Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net. Interest and other income (expense), net was $2.9 million for fiscal 2004 compared with $1.6 million for fiscal 2003. We generated greater interest income in 2004 resulting from a larger cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balance throughout fiscal 2004 as a result of the completion of our initial public offering and follow-on public offering in 2003, partially offset by approximately $270,000 in foreign currency losses. In addition, we recognized a gain contingency relating to a cash refund of consumption tax paid in Japan of approximately $1.0 million.
      Benefit (Provision) for Income Taxes. Provision for income taxes was $13.9 million for fiscal 2004 compared to $4.6 million for 2003. The higher income tax expense for 2004 was primarily due to an increase of consolidated pretax earnings from $12.1 million for 2003 to $39.1 million for 2004. Our annual effective tax

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rate for 2004 was 35.5% compared to 38.2% for 2003. The decrease in our 2004 effective tax rate was primarily due to our shifting investments from taxable to tax-exempt interest-bearing securities beginning in fiscal 2004 and a decrease in our nondeductible stock-based compensation expense in fiscal 2004.
Fiscal Years Ended December 27, 2003 and December 28, 2002
      Revenues. Revenues for fiscal 2003 were $98.3 million compared to $78.7 million for fiscal 2002, an increase of $19.6 million, or 24.9%. The $19.6 million increase was due primarily to an increase of $5.5 million in revenues from DRAM manufacturers, an increase of $8.9 million from manufacturers of flash memory devices, an increase of $5.1 million in revenues from a manufacturer of chipsets and an increase of $200,000 in other revenues.
      The majority of revenues for fiscal 2003 were generated by sales of wafer probe cards to manufacturers of DRAM devices. Sales of wafer probe cards to test DRAM devices accounted for $60.3 million, or 61.3% of revenues for fiscal 2003 compared to $54.8 million, or 69.6% of revenues, for fiscal 2002. The increase in revenues from DRAM manufacturers was driven primarily by an increased demand from the continued transitioning of DRAM manufacturers to higher device density, new advanced technology nodes, to 300 mm wafer size and new architectures, like DDR II.
      Continued business momentum, increased design and customer wins at manufacturers of flash memory devices increased our revenues in the market segment for fiscal 2003 compared to fiscal 2002. Revenues generated from sales to flash memory device manufacturers for fiscal 2003 were $18.1 million compared with $9.2 million for fiscal 2002, an increase of 97%.
      Revenues from manufacturers of microprocessor and other flip chip devices increased to $18.8 million for fiscal 2003 from $13.7 million for fiscal 2002. Revenues for fiscal 2003 benefited from new product introductions, such as our 175 pitch MicroSpring contact technology and MicroForce probing technology solutions for flip chip logic applications introduced in the second quarter of 2003 with production shipments occurring in the third quarter of 2003. The significant customer concentration for these products will continue to drive quarter to quarter cyclicality from these tooling cycles.
      Revenues by geographic region for fiscal 2003 as a percentage of revenues were 50.1% in North America, 10.3% in Europe, 20.1% in Japan and 19.5% in Asia Pacific. Revenues by geographic region for fiscal 2002 as a percentage of revenues were 55.6% in North America, 15.5% in Europe, 21.8% in Asia Pacific and 7.1% in Japan. The increase in the percentage of revenues in Japan was primarily due to increased sales to a manufacturer of DRAM devices.
      The following customers accounted for more than 10% of our revenues for fiscal 2003 or fiscal 2002:
                 
    Fiscal 2003   Fiscal 2002
         
Intel Corporation
    30.1 %     26.9 %
Spirox Corporation
    13.4 %     20.9 %
Elpida
    12.4 %     *  
Infineon Technologies AG
    10.3 %     20.1 %
 
Less than 10% of revenues.
      Gross Margin. Gross margin as a percentage of revenues was 48.6% for fiscal 2003 compared with 49.4% for fiscal 2002. The decrease in gross margin percentage was primarily due to increased fixed costs and a change in product mix. We increased our manufacturing fixed costs in response to a continued positive demand for our products and continued design wins. The fixed cost increase was primarily due to an increase in headcount, which we needed to convert our operations to a 7 day, 24 hour manufacturing shift structure. We began implementing this new manufacturing shift structure during the second quarter of 2003 and completed the implementation in the third quarter of 2003. This structure further increased our capacity and enabled us to be in a position to transfer our manufacturing processes into our new production facility.

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      Research and Development. Research and development expenses increased to $15.6 million, or 15.8% of revenues, for fiscal 2003 compared to $14.6 million, or 18.5% of revenues, for fiscal 2002. The increase in absolute dollars is mainly due to increased personnel costs associated with an increase of product development activities in fiscal 2003. During fiscal 2003, we continued our development of next generation parallelism products, fine pitch memory and logic products, advanced MicroSpring interconnect technology and higher speed wafer probe. We introduced our new S200 technology, which is a high parallelism, high frequency probe card for fully tested memory die, and also introduced our new wafer-level burn-in technology for certain DRAM device applications.
      Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $19.0 million for fiscal 2003, or 19.4% of revenues, compared to $17.0 million, or 21.6% of revenues, for fiscal 2002. The increase in absolute dollars was mainly due to increased personnel costs, higher sales and marketing spending, in line with higher revenues and new product introductions, and costs associated with being a public company.
      Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net. Interest and other income (expense), net was $1.6 million for fiscal 2003 compared with $642,000 for fiscal 2002. We generated greater interest income in 2003 resulting from a larger cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balance throughout the second half of fiscal 2003 as a result of our initial public offering in June of 2003 and our follow-on offering in November of 2003. In addition, our increased business volume in Japan combined with the weaker dollar generated foreign currency gains of $758,000 in fiscal 2003 compared to foreign currency gains of $22,000 in fiscal 2002.
      Benefit (Provision) for Income Taxes. Provision for income taxes was $4.6 million for fiscal 2003 compared to a benefit of $3.6 million for fiscal 2002. The $3.6 million benefit for fiscal 2002 resulted from the release of the valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets in the amount of $5.9 million. The effective tax rate for fiscal 2003 was 38.2%.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
      As of December 25, 2004, we had $193.7 million in cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and restricted cash, compared with $181.8 million as of December 27, 2003. During fiscal 2004 we reclassified certain investments, including auction rate securities, from cash and cash equivalents to marketable securities. This resulted in a reclassification from cash and equivalents to short-term marketable securities of approximately $103.4 million on the December 27, 2003 balance sheet (see Note 2).
      Net cash provided by operating activities was $35.7 million for fiscal 2004 compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $15.0 million for fiscal 2003 and $12.9 million for fiscal 2002. The increase in net cash provided by operations in fiscal 2004 compared to fiscal 2003 and 2002 resulted primarily from an increase in net income for fiscal 2004, as well as the increased tax benefits from employee stock option plans in 2004.
      Accounts receivable increased by $5.3 million from fiscal 2003 to fiscal 2004 due to an increase in worldwide revenues, particularly to customers in Japan, where we typically experience longer payment terms. Accounts receivable increased by $7.6 million from fiscal 2002 to fiscal 2003. Our days sales outstanding from receivables (DSO) decreased from 51 days at December 27, 2003 to 50 days at December 25, 2004.
      Net inventories increased by $3.2 million from fiscal 2003 to fiscal 2004 due to an increase in raw materials and work-in-process to support revenue growth. Net inventories increased by $3.8 million from fiscal 2002 to fiscal 2003 to support revenue growth.
      Accrued liabilities increased by $4.6 million for fiscal 2004 due primarily to the increase of $3.2 million in accrued compensation and benefits. Accrued liabilities increased by $2.3 million in fiscal 2003. The increase was due to the increase in accrued incentive compensation as part of our shift to more variable compensation as well as an increase in warranty costs reflecting higher revenue levels.
      Net cash used by investing activities was $28.2 million for fiscal 2004, compared to $158.6 for fiscal 2003 and $18.5 million for fiscal 2002. Net cash used by investing activities resulted primarily from the net purchase of marketable securities and capital expenditures in each of these periods. In fiscal 2003, we invested the proceeds from its initial public offering and follow-on offering into short-term marketable securities. Capital

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expenditures were $37.7 million for fiscal 2004, $11.1 million for fiscal 2003 and $4.2 million for fiscal 2002. In fiscal 2004 and fiscal 2003 we invested in the expansion of manufacturing facilities as well as in leasehold improvements to our new headquarters and manufacturing facility.
      Net cash provided by financing activities was $14.5 million for fiscal 2004 compared with net cash provided by financing activities of $140.6 million for fiscal 2003. Net cash provided by financing activities was $863,000 for fiscal 2002. Net cash provided by financing activities for fiscal 2004 was mainly due to proceeds received from the exercise of employee stock options. In June 2003, we completed our initial public offering in which we sold 6,505,305 shares of our common stock. The sale of shares of common stock by us, including the sale of 900,000 shares pursuant to the exercise of the over-allotment option by the underwriters resulted in aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $91.1 million, approximately $6.4 million of which we applied to underwriting discounts and approximately $2.7 million of which we applied to related costs. As a result, we received approximately $82.0 million of the offering proceeds. On November 10, 2003 we completed our follow-on public offering in which we sold 2,249,866 shares of our common stock, including an over-allotment of 750,000 shares of our common stock. We received approximately $55.9 million of the offering proceeds. Net cash provided by financing activities was primarily due to the issuance of common stock in fiscal 2002.
      In May 2001, we signed a ten-year lease for an additional 119,000 square feet of manufacturing, research and development and office space. The total rent obligation over the term of the lease is $21.8 million and is accounted for as an operating lease. In October 2004, we signed a ten-year lease for an additional 12,000 square feet of research and development space. The total rent obligation over the term of the lease is $1.0 million and is accounted for as an operating lease. We invested approximately $28.0 million in leasehold improvements for our new headquarters and manufacturing facility through 2004.
      In February 2003, we entered into an amended and restated loan and security agreement with Comerica Bank. Our loan and security agreement provided a revolving line of credit of up to $16.0 million. In April 2003, we borrowed funds under the revolving line of credit to pay down the outstanding amounts under the expiring equipment line of credit and term loan under our prior agreement with Comerica. We repaid the outstanding amounts under the line of credit in September 2003 and the amended and restated loan and security agreement with Comerica Bank was terminated in December 2003.
      The following table describes our commitments to settle contractual obligations in cash as of December 25, 2004.
                                         
    Payments Due by Fiscal Year
     
    2005   2006-2007   2008-2009   After 2009   Total
                     
    (In thousands)
Operating leases
  $ 3,027     $ 4,705     $ 4,982     $ 7,930     $ 20,644  
                               
      In Fiscal 2004 and 2003, our net cash provided by operations exceeded our capital expenditures and, as a result, our existing cash balance, cash equivalents and marketable securities would have increased even without our financing activities. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth, the timing and extent of spending to support product development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the timing of introductions of new products and enhancement to existing products, the costs to ensure access to adequate manufacturing capacity, and the continuing market acceptance of our products. Although we are currently not a party to any agreement or letter of intent with respect to potential investments in, or acquisitions of, complementary businesses, products or technologies, we may enter into these types of arrangements in the future, which could also require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. Additional funds may not be available on terms favorable to us or at all.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
      As part of our ongoing business, we do not participate in transactions that generate relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, or SPEs, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance

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sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As of December 25, 2004, we are not involved in any unconsolidated SPE transactions.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
      In March 2004, the FASB issued EITF Issue No. 03-1 (“EITF 03-1”), “The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments” which provides new guidance for assessing impairment losses on investments. Additionally, EITF 03-1 includes new disclosure requirements for investments that are deemed to be temporarily impaired. In September 2004, the FASB delayed the accounting provisions of EITF 03-1; however the disclosure requirements remain effective for annual periods ending after June 15, 2004. We have complied with the disclosure requirements and will evaluate the impact of EITF 03-1 once the final guidance is issued.
      On November 15, 2004, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. 109-2, “Accounting and Disclosure Guidance for Foreign Earnings Repatriation Provision within the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 Act.” The Jobs Act was enacted on October 22, 2004 which provides for a temporary 85% dividends received deduction on certain foreign earnings repatriated during a one-year period. This pronouncement provides guidance under FASB Statement No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” with respect to recording the potential impact of the repatriation provisions of the Act. We have determined the pronouncement does not impact the Company’s 2004 financial statements.
      In November 2004, the FASB issued Financial Accounting Standard No. 151, “Inventory Costs — an Amendment of ARB No. 43, Chapter 4” (SFAS 151). SFAS 151 amends ARB 43, Chapter 4, to clarify that abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs, and wasted materials (spoilage) should be recognized as current-period charges. In addition, this Statement requires that allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of conversion be based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. The provisions of this Statement are effective for inventory costs incurred during fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2005. The adoption of the provisions of SFAS 151 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated result of operations.
      In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123R, “Share-Based Payment.” SFAS No. 123R requires employee stock options and rights to purchase shares under stock participation plans to be accounted for under the fair value method, and eliminates the ability to account for these instruments under the intrinsic value method prescribed by APB Opinion No. 25, and allowed under the original provisions of SFAS No. 123. SFAS No. 123R requires the use of an option pricing model for estimating fair value, which is amortized to expense over the service periods. The requirements of SFAS No. 123R are effective for fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005. SFAS No. 123R allows for either prospective recognition of compensation expense or retrospective recognition, which may be back to the original issuance of SFAS No. 123 or only to interim periods in the year of adoption. Management believes the adoption of SFAS No. 123 will have a significant impact on net income and net income per share.
      In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 153, Exchange of Nonmonetary Assets, an amendment of APB No. 29, Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions (“SFAS 153”). SFAS 153 amends APB No. 29 to eliminate the exception for nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets and replaces it with a general exception for exchanges of nonmonetary assets that do not have commercial substance. A nonmonetary exchange has commercial substance if the future cash flows of the entity are expected to change significantly as a result of the exchange. The Company is required to adopt SFAS 153, on a prospective basis, for nonmonetary exchanges beginning after June 15, 2005. The adoption of SFAS No. 153 is not expected to have an impact on our consolidated result of operations.
Trends, Risks and Uncertainties
      You should carefully consider the following risk factors, as well as the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, in evaluating FormFactor and our business. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations would suffer. Accordingly, the trading price of our common stock would likely decline and you may lose all or part of your investment in our common stock. The

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risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks that we currently do not know about or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also impair our business operations.
Our operating results are likely to fluctuate, which could cause us to miss expectations about these results and cause the trading price of our common stock to decline.
      Our operating results are likely to fluctuate. As a result, we believe you should not rely on period-to-period comparisons of our financial results as indicator of our future performance. Some of the important factors that could cause our revenues and operating results to fluctuate from period-to-period include:
  •  customer demand for our products;
 
  •  our ability to deliver reliable, cost-effective products in a timely manner;
 
  •  the reduction, rescheduling or cancellation of orders by our customers;
 
  •  the timing and success of new product introductions and new technologies by our competitors and us;
 
  •  our product and customer sales mix and geographical sales mix;
 
  •  changes in the level of our operating expenses needed to support our anticipated growth;
 
  •  a reduction in the price or the profitability of our products;
 
  •  changes in our production capacity or the availability or the cost of components and materials;
 
  •  our ability to bring new products into volume production efficiently;
 
  •  our ability to add manufacturing capacity and to stabilize production yields and ramp production volume;
 
  •  our ability to efficiently build out and move into its new manufacturing facility;
 
  •  our relationships with customers and companies that manufacture semiconductor test equipment,
 
  •  the timing of and return on our investments in research and development;
 
  •  our ability to collect accounts receivable;
 
  •  seasonality, principally due to our customers’ purchasing cycles; and
 
  •  market conditions in our industry, the semiconductor industry and the economy as a whole.
The occurrence of one or more of these factors might cause our operating results to vary widely. For example, we recently announced that, due to contamination in our manufacturing process that affected our ability to timely ship product, our revenues in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2004 were below our previous guidance and declined relative to the third quarter of fiscal 2004. If our revenues or operating results fall below the expectations of market analysts or investors, the market price of our common stock could decline substantially.
Cyclicality in the semiconductor industry historically has affected our sales and might do so in the future, and as a result we could experience reduced revenues or operating results.
      The semiconductor industry has historically been cyclical and is characterized by wide fluctuations in product supply and demand. From time to time, this industry has experienced significant downturns, often in connection with, or in anticipation of, maturing product and technology cycles, excess inventories and declines in general economic conditions. This cyclicality could cause our operating results to decline dramatically from one period to the next. For example, our revenues in the three months ended September 29, 2001 declined by 25.5% compared to our revenues in the three months ended June 30, 2001, and our revenues in the three months ended March 29, 2003 declined by 15.7% compared to our revenues in the three months ended December  28, 2002. Our business depends heavily upon the development of new semiconductors and semiconductor designs, the volume of production by semiconductor manufacturers and the overall financial strength of our customers, which, in turn, depend upon the current and anticipated market demand for

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semiconductors and products, such as personal computers, that use semiconductors. Semiconductor manufacturers generally sharply curtail their spending during industry downturns and historically have lowered their spending disproportionately more than the decline in their revenues. As a result, if we are unable to adjust our levels of manufacturing and human resources or manage our costs and deliveries from suppliers in response to lower spending by semiconductor manufacturers, our gross margin might decline and cause us to experience operating losses.
If we are unable to manufacture our products efficiently, our operating results could suffer.
      We must continuously modify our manufacturing processes in an effort to improve yields and product performance, lower our costs and reduce the time it takes us to design and produce our products. We also may be subject to events that negatively affect our manufacturing processes and impact our business and operating results. For example, during our fiscal quarter ending December 25, 2004, we experienced a contamination problem in our manufacturing line. This contamination problem caused a yield decline that, in turn, resulted in our inability to timely ship products to our customers. We will incur significant start-up costs associated with implementing new manufacturing technologies, methods and processes and purchasing new equipment, which could negatively impact our gross margin. We could experience manufacturing delays and inefficiencies as we refine new manufacturing technologies, methods and processes, implement them in volume production and qualify them with customers, which could cause our operating results to decline. The risk of encountering delays or difficulties increases as we manufacture more complex products. In addition, if demand for our products increases, we will need to expand our operations to manufacture sufficient quantities of products without increasing our production times or our unit costs. As a result of such expansion, we could be required to purchase new equipment, upgrade existing equipment, develop and implement new manufacturing processes and hire additional technical personnel. Further, new or expanded manufacturing facilities could be subject to qualification by our customers. In the past, we have experienced difficulties in expanding our operations to manufacture our products in volume on time and at acceptable cost. Any difficulties in expanding our manufacturing operations could cause product delivery delays and lost sales. If demand for our products decreases, we could have excess manufacturing capacity. The fixed costs associated with excess manufacturing capacity could cause our operating results to decline. If we are unable to achieve further manufacturing efficiencies and cost reductions, particularly if we are experiencing pricing pressures in the marketplace, our operating results could suffer.
If we do not keep pace with technological developments in the semiconductor industry, our products might not be competitive and our revenues and operating results could suffer.
      We must continue to invest in research and development to improve our competitive position and to meet the needs of our customers. Our future growth depends, in significant part, upon our ability to work effectively with and anticipate the testing needs of our customers, and on our ability to develop and support new products and product enhancements to meet these needs on a timely and cost-effective basis. Our customers’ testing needs are becoming more challenging as the semiconductor industry continues to experience rapid technological change driven by the demand for complex circuits that are shrinking in size and at the same time are increasing in speed and functionality and becoming less expensive to produce. Examples of recent trends driving demand for technological research and development include semiconductor manufacturers’ transitions to 110 nanometer and 90 nanometer technology nodes, to 512 megabit density devices and to Double Date Rate II, or DDR II, architecture devices. By further example, the anticipated transition to Double Data Rate III, or DDR III, architecture devices will be a technological change for the semiconductor industry. Our customers expect that they will be able to integrate our wafer probe cards into any manufacturing process as soon as it is deployed. Therefore, to meet these expectations and remain competitive, we must continually design, develop and introduce on a timely basis new products and product enhancements with improved features. Successful product design, development and introduction on a timely basis require that we:
  •  design innovative and performance-enhancing features that differentiate our products from those of our competitors;

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  •  transition our products to new manufacturing technologies;
 
  •  identify emerging technological trends in our target markets;
 
  •  maintain effective marketing strategies;
 
  •  respond effectively to technological changes or product announcements by others; and
 
  •  adjust to changing market conditions quickly and cost-effectively.
      We must devote significant research and development resources to keep up with the rapidly evolving technologies used in semiconductor manufacturing processes. Not only do we need the technical expertise to implement the changes necessary to keep our technologies current, but we must also rely heavily on the judgment of our management to anticipate future market trends. If we are unable to timely predict industry changes, or if we are unable to modify our products on a timely basis, we might lose customers or market share. In addition, we might not be able to recover our research and development expenditures, which could harm our operating results.
If semiconductor memory device manufacturers do not continue the conversion to 300 mm wafers, our growth could be impeded.
      The growth of our business for the foreseeable future depends in large part upon sales of our wafer probe cards to manufacturers of dynamic random access memory, or DRAM, and flash memory devices. The recent downturn in the semiconductor industry caused various chip manufacturers to readdress their respective strategies for converting existing 200 mm wafer fabrication facilities to 300 mm wafer fabrication, or for building new 300 mm wafer fabrication facilities. Some manufacturers have delayed, cancelled or postponed previously announced plans to convert to 300 mm wafer fabrication. We believe that the decision to convert to a 300 mm wafer fabrication facility is made by each manufacturer based upon both internal and external factors, such as:
  •  current and projected chip prices;
 
  •  projected price erosion for the manufacturer’s particular chips;
 
  •  supply and demand issues;
 
  •  overall manufacturing capability within the manufacturer’s target market(s);
 
  •  the availability of funds to the manufacturer;
 
  •  the technology roadmap of the manufacturer; and
 
  •  the price and availability of equipment needed within the 300 mm facility.
      One or more of these internal and external factors, as well as other factors, including factors that a manufacturer may choose to not publicly disclose, can impact the decision to maintain a 300 mm conversion schedule, to delay the conversion schedule for a period of time, or to cancel the conversion. It is also possible that the conversion to 300 mm wafers will occur on different schedules for DRAM chip manufacturers and flash memory chip manufacturers. We have invested significant resources to develop technology that addresses the market for 300 mm wafers. If manufacturers of memory devices delay or discontinue their current 300 mm wafer conversion, or make the transition more slowly than we currently expect, our growth and profitability could be impeded. In addition, any delay in large-scale adoption of manufacturing based upon 300 mm wafers would provide time for other companies to develop and market products that compete with ours, which could harm our competitive position.
We are subject to general economic and market conditions.
      Our business is subject to the effects of general economic conditions in the United States and worldwide, and to market conditions in the semiconductor industry in particular. Our operating results could be adversely affected by unfavorable global economic conditions and reduced capital spending by semiconductor

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manufacturers. Such adverse conditions could result in a decrease in the demand for semiconductors and products using semiconductors, and in a sharp reduction in the development of new semiconductors and semiconductor designs. As a result, we could experience a decrease in the demand for our wafer probe cards.
We depend upon the sale of our wafer probe cards for substantially all of our revenues, and a downturn in demand for our products could have a more disproportionate impact on our revenues than if we derived revenues from a more diversified product offering.
      Historically, we have derived substantially all of our revenues from the sale of our wafer probe cards. We anticipate that sales of our wafer probe cards will represent a substantial majority of our revenues for the foreseeable future. Our business depends in large part upon continued demand in current markets for, and adoption in new markets of, current and future generations of our wafer probe cards. Large-scale market adoption depends upon our ability to increase customer awareness of the benefits of our wafer probe cards and to prove their reliability, ability to increase yields and cost effectiveness. We may be unable to sell our wafer probe cards to certain potential customers unless those customers change their device test strategies, change their wafer probe card and capital equipment buying strategies, or change or upgrade their existing test equipment. We might not be able to sustain or increase our revenues from sales of our wafer probe cards, particularly if conditions in the semiconductor market deteriorate or do not improve or if the market enters into another downturn in the future. Any decrease in revenues from sales of our wafer probe cards could harm our business more than it would if we offered a more diversified line of products.
If demand for our products in the memory device and flip chip logic markets declines or fails to grow as we anticipate, our revenues could decline.
      We derive substantially all of our revenues from wafer probe cards that we sell to manufacturers of DRAM memory and flash memory devices and manufacturers of microprocessor, chipset and other logic devices. In the microprocessor, chipset and other logic device markets, our products are primarily used for devices employing flip chip packaging, which devices are commonly referred to as flip chip logic devices. In fiscal 2004, sales to manufacturers of DRAM devices accounted for 69.0% of our revenues, sales to manufacturers of flip chip logic devices accounted for 8.1% of our revenues, and sales to manufacturers of flash memory devices accounted for 21.9% of our revenues. For fiscal 2003, sales to manufacturers of DRAM devices accounted for 61.3% of our revenues, sales to manufacturers of flip chip logic devices accounted for 19.1% of our revenues, and sales to manufacturers of flash memory devices accounted for 18.4% of our revenues. Therefore, our success depends in part upon the continued acceptance of our products within these markets and our ability to continue to develop and introduce new products on a timely basis for these markets. For example, the market might not accept an increasingly high parallelism wafer test solution.
      A substantial portion of these semiconductor devices is sold to manufacturers of personal computers and computer-related products and to manufacturers of personal electronic devices. Both the personal computer market and the personal electronic devices market have historically been characterized by significant fluctuations in demand and continuous efforts to reduce costs, which in turn have affected the demand for and price of memory devices and microprocessors. The personal computer market might not grow in the future at historical rates or at all and design activity in the personal computer market might decrease, which could negatively affect our revenues and operating results.
The markets in which we participate are highly competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results could be harmed.
      The wafer probe card market is highly competitive. With the introduction of new technologies and market entrants, we expect competition to intensify in the future. In the past, increased competition has resulted in price reductions, reduced gross margins or loss of market share, and could do so in the future. Competitors might introduce new competitive products for the same markets that our products currently serve. These products may have better performance, lower prices and broader acceptance than our products. In addition, for products such as wafer probe cards, semiconductor manufacturers typically qualify more than one source, to avoid dependence on a single source of supply. As a result, our customers will likely purchase

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products from our competitors. Current and potential competitors include Advantest Corporation, AMST Co., Ltd., Cascade Microtech, Inc., Feinmetall GmbH, Japan Electronic Materials Corporation, Kulicke and Soffa Industries, Inc., Micronics Japan Co., Ltd., Phicom Corporation, SCS Hightech, Inc. and Tokyo Electron, Ltd., among others. Many of our current and potential competitors have greater name recognition, larger customer bases, more established customer relationships or greater financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing and other resources than we do. As a result, they might be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements, devote greater resources to the development, promotion, sale and support of their products, and reduce prices to increase market share. Some of our competitors also supply other types of test equipment, or offer both advanced wafer probe cards and needle probe cards. Those competitors that offer both advanced wafer probe cards and needle probe cards might have strong, existing relationships with our customers or with potential customers. Because we do not offer a needle probe card or other conventional technology wafer probe card for less advanced applications, it may be difficult for us to introduce our advanced wafer probe cards to these customers and potential customers for certain wafer test applications. It is possible that existing or new competitors, including test equipment manufacturers, may offer new technologies that reduce the value of our wafer probe cards.
We derive a substantial portion of our revenues from a small number of customers, and our revenues could decline significantly if any major customer cancels, reduces or delays a purchase of our products.
      A relatively small number of customers has accounted for a significant portion of our revenues in any particular period. In fiscal 2004, four customers accounted for 64.8% of our revenues. In fiscal 2003, four customers accounted for 66.2% of our revenues. Our ten largest customers accounted for 98.0% of our revenues in fiscal 2004 and 93.5% of our revenues in fiscal 2003. We anticipate that sales of our products to a relatively small number of customers will continue to account for a significant portion of our revenues. The cancellation or deferral of even a small number of purchases of our products could cause our revenues to decline in any particular quarter. A number of factors could cause customers to cancel or defer orders, including manufacturing delays, interruptions to our customers’ operations due to fire, natural disasters or other events or a downturn in the semiconductor industry. Our agreements with our customers do not contain minimum purchase commitments, and our customers could cease purchasing our products with short or no notice to us or fail to pay all or part of an invoice. In some situations, our customers might be able to cancel orders without a significant penalty. In addition, the continuing trend toward consolidation in the semiconductor industry, particularly among manufacturers of DRAMs, could reduce our customer base and lead to lost or delayed sales and reduced demand for our wafer probe cards. Industry consolidation also could result in pricing pressures as larger DRAM manufacturers could have sufficient bargaining power to demand reduced prices and favorable nonstandard terms. Additionally, certain customers may not want to rely entirely or substantially on a single wafer probe card supplier and, as a result, such customers could reduce their purchases of our wafer probe cards.
If our relationships with our customers and companies that manufacture semiconductor test equipment deteriorate, our product development activities could be harmed.
      The success of our product development efforts depends upon our ability to anticipate market trends and to collaborate closely with our customers and with companies that manufacture semiconductor test equipment. Our relationships with these customers and companies provide us with access to valuable information regarding manufacturing and process technology trends in the semiconductor industry, which enables us to better plan our product development activities. These relationships also provide us with opportunities to understand the performance and functionality requirements of our customers, which improve our ability to customize our products to fulfill their needs. Our relationships with test equipment companies are important to us because test equipment companies can design our wafer probe cards into their equipment and provide us with the insight into their product plans that allows us to offer wafer probe cards for use with their products when they are introduced to the market. Our relationships with our customers and test equipment companies could deteriorate if they:
  •  become concerned about our ability to protect their intellectual property;

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  •  become concerned with our ability to deliver quality products on a timely basis;
 
  •  develop their own solutions to address the need for testing improvement;
 
  •  implement chip designs that include enhanced built-in self-test capabilities;
 
  •  regard us as a competitor;
 
  •  introduce their own wafer probe card product;
 
  •  establish relationships with others in our industry; or
 
  •  attempt to restrict our ability to enter into relationships with their competitors.
      Many of our customers and the test equipment companies we work with are large companies. The consequences of a deterioration in our relationship with any of these companies could be exacerbated due to the significant influence these companies can exert in our markets. If our current relationships with our customers and test equipment companies deteriorate, or if we are unable to develop similar collaborative relationships with important customers and test equipment companies in the future, our long-term ability to produce commercially successful products could be impaired.
Because we generally do not have a sufficient backlog of unfilled orders to meet our quarterly revenue targets, revenues in any quarter are substantially dependent upon customer orders received and fulfilled in that quarter.
      Our revenues are difficult to forecast because we generally do not have a sufficient backlog of unfilled orders to meet our quarterly revenue targets at the beginning of a quarter. Rather, a substantial percentage of our revenues in any quarter depends upon customer orders for our wafer probe cards that we receive and fulfill in that quarter. Because our expense levels are based in part on our expectations as to future revenues and to a large extent are fixed in the short term, we might be unable to adjust spending in time to compensate for any unexpected shortfall in revenues. Accordingly, any significant shortfall of revenues in relation to our expectations could hurt our operating results.
We rely upon a distributor for a substantial portion of our revenues, and a disruption or other change in our relationship with our distributor could have a negative impact on our revenues.
      We rely on Spirox Corporation, our distributor in Taiwan, Singapore and China, for a substantial portion of our revenues. Sales to Spirox accounted for 20.0% of our revenues in fiscal 2004 and 13.4% of our revenues in fiscal 2003. Spirox also provides customer support. A reduction in the sales or service efforts or financial viability of our distributor, or deterioration in, or termination of, our relationship with our distributor could harm our revenues, our operating results and our ability to support our customers in the distributor’s territory. In addition, establishing alternative sales channels in the region could consume substantial time and resources, decrease our revenues and increase our expenses.
If our relationships with our independent sales representatives change, our business could be harmed.
      We currently rely on independent sales representatives to assist us in the sale of our products in various geographic regions. If we make the business decision to terminate or modify our relationships with one or more of our independent sales representatives, or if an independent sales representative decides to disengage from us, and we do not effectively and efficiently manage such a change, we could lose sales to existing customers and fail to obtain new customers.
If semiconductor manufacturers do not migrate elements of final test to wafer probe test, market acceptance of other applications of our technology could be delayed.
      We intend to work with our customers to migrate elements of final test from the device level to the wafer level. This migration will involve a change in semiconductor test strategies from concentrating final test at the individual device level to increasing the amount of test at the wafer level. Semiconductor manufacturers

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typically take time to qualify new strategies that affect their testing operations. As a result, general acceptance of wafer-level final test might not occur in the near term or at all. In addition, semiconductor manufacturers might not accept and use wafer-level final test in a way that uses our technology. If the migration of elements of final test to wafer probe test does not grow as we anticipate, or if semiconductor manufacturers do not adopt our technology for their wafer probe test requirements, market acceptance of other applications for our technology could be delayed.
Changes in test strategies, equipment and processes could cause us to lose revenues.
      The demand for wafer probe cards depends in large part upon the number of semiconductor designs and the overall semiconductor unit volume. The time it takes to test a wafer depends upon the number of devices being tested, the complexity of these devices, the test software program and the test equipment itself. As test programs become increasingly effective and test throughput increases, the number of wafer probe cards required to test a given volume of devices declines. Therefore, advances in the test process could cause us to lose sales.
      If semiconductor manufacturers implement chip designs that include increased built-in self-test capabilities, or similar functions or methodologies that increase test throughput, it could negatively impact our sales or the migration of elements of final test to the wafer level. Additionally, if new chip designs or types of chips are implemented that require less, or even no, test using wafer probe cards, or significantly reduce wafer test complexity our revenues could be impacted. Further, if new chip designs are implemented which we are unable to test, or which we are unable to test efficiently and provide our customers with an acceptably low overall cost of test, our revenues could be negatively impacted.
      We incur significant research and development expenses in conjunction with the introduction of new product platforms. Often, we time our product introductions to the introduction of new test equipment platforms or the declination of manufacturers to adopt a new test platform. Because our customers require both test equipment and wafer probe cards, any delay or disruption of the introduction of new test equipment platforms would negatively affect our growth.
We manufacture all of our products at a single facility, and any disruption in the operations of that facility could adversely impact our business and operating results.
      Our processes for manufacturing our wafer probe cards require sophisticated and costly equipment and a specially designed facility, including a semiconductor clean room. We manufacture all of our wafer probe cards at one facility located in Livermore, California. Any disruption in the operation of that facility, whether due to contamination in our manufacturing process, technical or labor difficulties, destruction or damage from fire or earthquake, infrastructure failures such as power or water shortage or any other reason, could interrupt our manufacturing operations, impair critical systems, disrupt communications with our customers and suppliers and cause us to write off inventory and to lose sales. In addition, if the previous energy crises in California that resulted in disruptions in power supply and increases in utility costs were to recur, we might experience power interruptions and shortages, which could disrupt our manufacturing operations. This could subject us to loss of revenues as well as significantly higher costs of energy. Further, current and potential customers might not purchase our products if they perceive our lack of an alternate manufacturing facility to be a risk to their continuing source of supply.
If we do not transition effectively to our new operations and manufacturing site, our manufacturing capacity will be negatively impacted.
      We moved into our new facility in Livermore in 2004. The costs of starting up our new manufacturing facility, including capital costs such as equipment and fixed costs such as rent, are substantial. We might not be able to shift from our current production facility to the new production facility efficiently or effectively. Our current transition plan will require us to have both our existing and new manufacturing facilities operational through our third fiscal quarter of 2005. This will cause us to incur significant costs due to redundancy of infrastructure at both sites. Furthermore, the qualification of the new manufacturing facility will require us to

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use materials and build product and product components that will not be sold to our customers, causing higher than normal material spending. The transition might also lead to manufacturing interruptions, which could mean delayed deliveries or lost sales. Some or all of our customers could require a full qualification of our new facility. Any qualification process could take longer than we anticipate. Any difficulties with the transition or with bringing the new manufacturing facility to full capacity and volume production could increase our costs, disrupt our production process and cause delays in product delivery and lost sales, which would harm our operating results.
If we are unable to continue to reduce the time it takes for us to design and produce a wafer probe card, our growth could be impeded.
      Our customers continuously seek to reduce the time it takes them to introduce new products to market. The cyclicality of the semiconductor industry, coupled with changing demands for semiconductor devices, requires our customers to be flexible and highly adaptable to changes in the volume and mix of products they must produce. Each of those changes requires a new design and each new design requires a new wafer probe card. For some existing semiconductor devices, the manufacturers’ volume and mix of product requirements are such that we are unable to design, manufacture and ship products to meet such manufacturers’ relatively short cycle time requirements. If we are unable to reduce the time it takes for us to design, manufacture and ship our products in response to the needs of our customers, our competitive position could be harmed. If we are unable to meet a customer’s schedule for wafer probe cards for a particular design, our customer might purchase wafer probe cards from a competitor and we might lose sales.
We obtain some of the components and materials we use in our products from a single or sole source or a limited group of suppliers, and the partial or complete loss of one of these suppliers could cause production delays and a substantial loss of revenues.
      We obtain some of the components and materials used in our products, such as printed circuit board assemblies, plating materials and ceramic substrates, from a single or sole source or a limited group of suppliers. Alternative sources are not currently available for sole source components and materials. Because we rely on purchase orders rather than long-term contracts with the majority of our suppliers, we cannot predict with certainty our ability to obtain components and materials in the longer term. A sole or limited source supplier could increase prices, which could lead to a decline in our gross margin. Our dependence upon sole or limited source suppliers exposes us to several other risks, including a potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of materials, late deliveries and poor component quality. Disruption or termination of the supply of components or materials could delay shipments of our products, damage our customer relationships and reduce our revenues. For example, if we were unable to obtain an adequate supply of a component or material, we might have to use a substitute component or material, which could require us to make changes in our manufacturing process. From time to time in the past, we have experienced difficulties in receiving shipments from one or more of our suppliers, especially during periods of high demand for our products. If we cannot obtain an adequate supply of the components and materials we require, or do not receive them in a timely manner, we might be required to identify new suppliers. We might not be able to identify new suppliers on a timely basis or at all. Our customers and we would also need to qualify any new suppliers. The lead-time required to identify and qualify new suppliers could affect our ability to timely ship our products and cause our operating results to suffer. Further, a sole or limited source supplier could require us to enter into non-cancelable purchase commitments or pay in advance to ensure our source of supply. In an industry downturn, commitments of this type could result in charges for excess inventory of parts. If we are unable to predict our component and materials needs accurately, or if our supply is disrupted, we might miss market opportunities by not being able to meet the demand for our products.

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Wafer probe cards that do not meet specifications or that contain defects could damage our reputation, decrease market acceptance of our technology, cause us to lose customers and revenues, and result in liability to us.
      The complexity and ongoing development of our wafer probe card manufacturing process, combined with increases in wafer probe card production volumes, have in the past and could in the future lead to design or manufacturing problems. For example, the presence of contaminants in our plating baths has caused a decrease in our manufacturing yields or has resulted in unanticipated stress-related failures when our wafer probe cards are being used in the manufacturing test environment. A further example is that during our fiscal quarter ending December 25, 2004, we experienced a contamination problem in our manufacturing line. This contamination problem caused a yield decline that, in turn, resulted in our inability to timely ship products to our customers. Manufacturing design errors such as the miswiring of a wafer probe card or the incorrect placement of probe contact elements have caused us to repeat manufacturing design steps. In addition to these examples, problems might result from a number of factors, including design defects, materials failures, contamination in the manufacturing environment, impurities in the materials used, unknown sensitivities to process conditions, such as temperature and humidity, and equipment failures. As a result, our products have in the past contained and might in the future contain undetected errors or defects. Any errors or defects could:
  •  cause lower than anticipated yields and lengthening of delivery schedules;
 
  •  cause delays in product shipments;
 
  •  cause delays in new product introductions;
 
  •  cause us to incur warranty expenses;
 
  •  result in increased costs and diversion of development resources;
 
  •  cause us to incur increased charges due to unusable inventory;
 
  •  require design modifications; or
 
  •  decrease market acceptance or customer satisfaction with these products.
      The occurrence of any one or more of these events could hurt our operating results.
      In addition, if any of our products fails to meet specifications or has reliability, quality or compatibility problems, our reputation could be damaged significantly and customers might be reluctant to buy our products, which could result in a decline in revenues, an increase in product returns or warranty costs and the loss of existing customers or the failure to attract new customers. Our customers use our products with test equipment and software in their manufacturing facilities. Our products must be compatible with the customers’ equipment and software to form an integrated system. If the system does not function properly, we could be required to provide field application engineers to locate the problem, which can take time and resources. If the problem relates to our wafer probe cards, we might have to invest significant capital, manufacturing capacity and other resources to correct it. Our current or potential customers also might seek to recover from us any losses resulting from defects or failures in our products. Liability claims could require us to spend significant time and money in litigation or to pay significant damages.
If we fail to forecast demand for our products accurately, we could incur inventory losses.
      Each semiconductor chip design requires a custom wafer probe card. Because our products are design-specific, demand for our products is difficult to forecast. Due to our customers’ short delivery time requirements, we often design, procure materials and, at times, produce our products in anticipation of demand for our products rather than in response to an order. Due to the uncertainty inherent in forecasts, we are, and expect to continue to be, subject to inventory risk. If we do not obtain orders as we anticipate, we could have excess inventory for a specific customer design that we would not be able to sell to any other customer, which would likely result in inventory write-offs.

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If we fail to effectively manage our service centers, our business might be harmed.
      In 2002, we expanded our repair and service center in Seoul, South Korea. In 2003, we opened a repair and service center in Dresden, Germany. In 2004 we opened a repair and service center in Tokyo, Japan. These service centers are part of our strategy to, among other things, provide our customers with more efficient service and repair of our wafer probe cards. If we are unable to effectively manage our service centers, do not expand or enhance our service centers to meet customer demand, or if the work undertaken in the service centers is not equivalent to the level and quality provided by repairs and services performed by our North American repair and service operations, which are part of our manufacturing facility in Livermore, California, we could incur higher wafer probe card repair and service costs, which could harm our operating results.
If we do not effectively manage changes in our business, these changes could place a significant strain on our management and operations and, as a result, our business might not succeed.
      Our ability to grow successfully requires an effective planning and management process. We plan to increase the scope of our operations and the size of our direct sales force domestically and internationally. For example, we have leased a new facility in Livermore, California and moved our corporate headquarters and started the transition of our manufacturing operations into this facility in 2004. Our growth could place a significant strain on our management systems, infrastructure and other resources. To manage our growth effectively, we must invest the necessary capital and continue to improve and expand our systems and infrastructure in a timely and efficient manner. Those resources might not be available when we need them, which would limit our growth. Our officers have limited experience in managing large or rapidly growing businesses. In addition, the majority of our management has no experience in managing a public company or communicating with securities analysts and public company investors. Our controls, systems and procedures might not be adequate to support a growing public company. If our management fails to respond effectively to changes in our business, our business might not succeed.
If we fail to attract, integrate and retain qualified personnel, our business might be harmed.
      Our future success depends largely upon the continued service of our key management, technical, and sales and marketing personnel, and on our continued ability to hire, integrate and retain qualified individuals, particularly engineers and sales and marketing personnel in order to increase market awareness of our products and to increase revenues. For example, in the future, we might need technical personnel experienced in competencies that we do not currently have or require. Competition for qualified individuals may be intense, and we might not be successful in retaining our employees or attracting new personnel. The loss of any key employee, the inability to successfully integrate replacement personnel, the failure of any key employee to perform in his or her current position or our inability to attract and retain skilled employees as needed could impair our ability to meet customer and technological demands. All of our key personnel in the United States are employees at-will. We have no employment contracts with any of our personnel in the United States.
We may make acquisitions, which could put a strain on our resources, cause ownership dilution to our stockholders and adversely affect our financial results.
      While we have made no acquisitions of businesses, products or technologies in the past, we may make acquisitions of complementary businesses, products or technologies in the future. Integrating newly acquired businesses, products or technologies into our company could put a strain on our resources, could be expensive and time consuming, and might not be successful. Future acquisitions could divert our management’s attention from other business concerns and expose our business to unforeseen liabilities or risks associated with entering new markets. In addition, we might lose key employees while integrating new organizations. Consequently, we might not be successful in integrating any acquired businesses, products or technologies, and might not achieve anticipated revenues and cost benefits. In addition, future acquisitions could result in customer dissatisfaction, performance problems with an acquired company, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities, possible impairment charges related to goodwill or other intangible assets or other unanticipated events or circumstances, any of which could harm our business.

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As part of our sales process, we could incur substantial sales and engineering expenses that do not result in revenues, which would harm our operating results.
      Our customers generally expend significant efforts evaluating and qualifying our products prior to placing an order. The time that our customers require to evaluate and qualify our wafer probe cards is typically between three and 12 months and sometimes longer. While our customers are evaluating our products, we might incur substantial sales, marketing, and research and development expenses. For example, we typically expend significant resources educating our prospective customers regarding the uses and benefits of our wafer probe cards and developing wafer probe cards customized to the potential customer’s needs, for which we might not be reimbursed. Although we commit substantial resources to our sales efforts, we might never receive any revenues from a customer. For example, many semiconductor designs never reach production, including designs for which we have expended design effort and expense. In addition, prospective customers might decide not to use our wafer probe cards. The length of time that it takes for the evaluation process and for us to make a sale depends upon many factors including:
  •  the efforts of our sales force and our distributor and independent sales representatives;
 
  •  the complexity of the customer’s fabrication processes;
 
  •  the internal technical capabilities of the customer; and
 
  •  the customer’s budgetary constraints and, in particular, the customer’s ability to devote resources to the evaluation process.
      In addition, product purchases are frequently subject to delays, particularly with respect to large customers for which our products may represent a small percentage of their overall purchases. As a result, our sales cycles are unpredictable. If we incur substantial sales and engineering expenses without generating revenues, our operating results could be harmed.
From time to time, we might be subject to claims of infringement of other parties’ proprietary rights, or to claims that our intellectual property rights are invalid or unenforceable, which could result in significant expense and loss of intellectual property rights.
      In the future, we might receive claims that we are infringing intellectual property rights of others, or claims that our patents or other intellectual property rights are invalid or unenforceable. We have received in the past, and may receive in the future, communications from third parties inquiring about our interest in licensing certain of their intellectual property or more generally identifying intellectual property that may be of interest to us. For example, we received such a communication from Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation in October 2001, with a follow-up letter in January 2002, inquiring about our interest in acquiring a license to certain of their patents and technology, and from IBM Corporation in February 2002, with a follow-up letter in August 2003, inquiring about our interest and need to acquire a license to IBM patents and technology related to high density integrated probes. We have not engaged in a dialog with Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation. We have engaged in a dialog with IBM Corporation regarding our companies’ respective intellectual property portfolios and technologies, and anticipate that this dialog will continue. In August 2002, subsequent to our initiating correspondence with Japan Electronic Materials Corporation regarding the scope of our intellectual property rights and the potential applicability of those rights to certain of its wafer probe cards, Japan Electronic Materials Corporation offered that precedent technologies exist as to one of our foreign patents that we had identified, and also referenced a U.S. patent in which it stated we might take interest. For the inquiries we have received to date, we do not believe we infringe any of the identified patents and technology. The semiconductor industry is characterized by uncertain and conflicting intellectual property claims and vigorous protection and pursuit of these rights. The resolution of any claims of this nature, with or without merit, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation or cause product shipment delays. In the event of an adverse ruling, we might be required to pay substantial damages, cease the use or sale of infringing products, spend significant resources to develop non-infringing technology, discontinue the use of certain technology or enter into license agreements. License agreements, if required,

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might not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. The loss of access to any of our intellectual property or the ability to use any of our technology could harm our business.
If we fail to protect our proprietary rights, our competitors might gain access to our technology, which could adversely affect our ability to compete successfully in our markets and harm our operating results.
      If we fail to protect our proprietary rights adequately, our competitors might gain access to our technology. Unauthorized parties might attempt to copy aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. Others might independently develop similar or competing technologies or methods or design around our patents. In addition, the laws of many foreign countries in which we or our customers do business do not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. As a result, our competitors might offer similar products and we might not be able to compete successfully. We also cannot assure that:
  •  our means of protecting our proprietary rights will be adequate;
 
  •  patents will be issued from our currently pending or future applications;
 
  •  our existing patents or any new patents will be sufficient in scope or strength to provide any meaningful protection or commercial advantage to us;
 
  •  any patent, trademark or other intellectual property right that we own will not be invalidated, circumvented or challenged in the United States or foreign countries; or
 
  •  others will not misappropriate our proprietary technologies or independently develop similar technology, duplicate our products or design around any patent or other intellectual property rights that we own.
      We might be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights. We presently believe that it is likely that one or more of our competitors are using methodologies or have implemented structures into certain of their products that are covered by one or more of our intellectual property rights. See the “Legal Proceedings” section of this annual report for a description of the infringement actions we have brought against Phicom Corporation, one of our competitors, and the invalidity proceedings that Phicom has filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office against certain of our patents. In addition to Phicom, other third parties have initiated challenges in foreign patent offices against other of our patents. While we do not have a monetary damages exposure in these various invalidity proceedings, it is possible we will incur material expenses in our litigation with Phicom or in defending our intellectual property more broadly. Any litigation, whether or not it is resolved in our favor, could result in significant expense to us and divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel. In addition, many of our customer contracts contain provisions that require us to indemnify our customers for third party intellectual property infringement claims, which would increase the cost to us of an adverse ruling in such a claim. An adverse determination could also prevent us from licensing our technologies and methods to others.
Our failure to comply with environmental laws and regulations could subject us to significant fines and liabilities, and new laws and regulations or changes in regulatory interpretation or enforcement could make compliance more difficult and costly.
      We are subject to various and frequently changing U.S. federal, state and local, and foreign governmental laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, including those governing the discharge of pollutants into the air and water, the management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes, the cleanup of contaminated sites and the maintenance of a safe workplace. We could incur substantial costs, including cleanup costs, civil or criminal fines or sanctions and third-party claims for property damage or personal injury, as a result of violations of or liabilities under environmental laws and regulations or non-compliance with the environmental permits required at our facilities.
      In 2004, the Company resolved a Notice of Violation from the California Department of Toxic Substances Control through its corrective action and payment in the amount of $7,750, resolved a Notice of

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Violation from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District through its corrective action and payment in the amount of $1,000, and resolved a Citation and Notification of Penalty from the California Division of Occupational Safety and Health through its corrective action and payment in the amount of $150. In February and April 2004 the Company received a total of four notices from the City of Livermore Water Resources Division regarding violations of Applicable Discharge Limits in relation to certain of its Wastewater Discharge/ Chemical Storage permits. In March 2004 the Company reported to appropriate authorities release of a fuel/water mixture resulting in a Notice of Violation from the City of Livermore Water Resources Division. The Company believes it instituted appropriate corrective actions in all cases. Notwithstanding the Company’s corrective action, the Notices of Violation remain unresolved and the Company may be subject to a penalty or additional enforcement actions based thereupon. In August 2004, the Company reported to the appropriate authorities overflow of wastewater. The Company has not yet received any formal notices from an agency or governmental authority regarding any potential violation or notice of violation; and the matter, to date, remains unresolved.
      These laws, regulations and permits also could require the installation of costly pollution control equipment or operational changes to limit pollution emissions or decrease the likelihood of accidental releases of hazardous substances. In addition, new laws and regulations, stricter enforcement of existing laws and regulations, the discovery of previously unknown contamination at our or others’ sites or the imposition of new cleanup requirements could require us to curtail our operations, restrict our future expansion, subject us to liability and cause us to incur future costs that would have a negative effect on our operating results and cash flow.
Because we conduct some of our business internationally, we are subject to operational, economic, financial and political risks abroad.
      Sales of our products to customers outside the United States have accounted for an important part of our revenues. Our international sales as a percentage of our revenues were 64.2% for fiscal 2004 and 49.9% for fiscal 2003. In the future, we expect international sales, particularly into Europe, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, to continue to account for a significant percentage of our revenues. Accordingly, we will be subject to risks and challenges that we would not otherwise face if we conducted our business only in the United States. These risks and challenges include:
  •  compliance with a wide variety of foreign laws and regulations;
 
  •  legal uncertainties regarding taxes, tariffs, quotas, export controls, export licenses and other trade barriers;
 
  •  political and economic instability in, or foreign conflicts that involve or affect, the countries of our customers;
 
  •  difficulties in collecting accounts receivable and longer accounts receivable payment cycles;
 
  •  difficulties in staffing and managing personnel, distributors and representatives;
 
  •  reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;
 
  •  currency exchange rate fluctuations, which could affect the value of our assets denominated in local currency, as well as the price of our products relative to locally produced products;
 
  •  seasonal fluctuations in purchasing patterns in other countries; and
 
  •  fluctuations in freight rates and transportation disruptions.
      Any of these factors could harm our existing international operations and business or impair our ability to continue expanding into international markets.

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We might require additional capital to support business growth, and such capital might not be available.
      We intend to continue to make investments to support business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, which include the need to develop new products or enhance existing products, enhance our operating infrastructure and acquire complementary businesses and technologies. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financing to secure additional funds. Equity and debt financing, however, might not be available when needed or, if available, might not be available on terms satisfactory to us. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited.
Our reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
      We prepare our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. These accounting principles are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the Securities and Exchange Commission and various bodies formed to interpret and create appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results, and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related changes in securities laws and regulations are likely to increase our costs.
      The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that became law in July 2002, as well as new rules and regulations subsequently implemented by the Securities and Exchange Commission, have required changes to some of our corporate governance practices. The Act also required us to implement additional disclosure and financial controls. These rules and regulations have increased and will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs, and to make some activities more difficult, time consuming and/or costly. We also expect these new rules and regulations to make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These new rules and regulations could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors, particularly to serve on our audit committee, and qualified executive officers.
Unanticipated changes in our tax rates or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could affect our profitability.
      We are subject to income taxes in both the United States and various foreign jurisdictions, and our domestic and international tax liabilities are subject to the allocation of expenses in different jurisdictions. Our effective tax rate could be adversely affected by changes in the mix of earnings in countries with different statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, changes in tax laws including pending tax law changes such as the benefit from export sales and the research and development credit, and by material audit assessments. In particular, the carrying value of deferred tax assets, which are predominantly in the United States, is dependent on our ability to generate future taxable income in the United States. In addition, the amount of income taxes we pay could be subject to ongoing audits in various jurisdictions and a material assessment by a governing tax authority could affect our profitability.
The trading price of our common stock has been and is likely to continue to be volatile, and you might not be able to sell your shares at or above the price that you paid for them.
      The trading prices of the securities of technology companies have been highly volatile, and from the date of our initial public offering in June 2003 through December 25, 2004, our stock price has ranged from $16.21 a share to $29.08 a share. Accordingly, the trading price of our common stock is likely to be subject to wide

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fluctuations. Further, our securities have a limited trading history. Factors affecting the trading price of our common stock include:
  •  variations in our operating results;
 
  •  announcements of technological innovations, new products or product enhancements, strategic alliances or significant agreements by us or by our competitors;
 
  •  recruitment or departure of key personnel;
 
  •  the gain or loss of significant orders or customers;
 
  •  changes in the estimates of our operating results or changes in recommendations by any securities analysts that elect to follow our common stock;
 
  •  market conditions in our industry, the industries of our customers and the economy as a whole; and
 
  •  sales or perceived sales of substantial amounts of our common stock held by existing stockholders.
      In addition, if the market for technology stocks or the stock market in general experiences continued or greater loss of investor confidence, the trading price of our common stock could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, operating results or financial condition. The trading price of our common stock also might decline in reaction to events that affect other companies in our industry even if these events do not directly affect us.
If securities analysts do not publish or stop publishing research or reports about our business, our stock price could decline.
      The trading market for our common stock will rely in part on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. We do not control these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock, our stock price would likely decline rapidly. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause our stock price to decline. If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, our stock price could decline.
The concentration of our capital stock ownership with insiders will likely limit your ability to influence corporate matters.
      Our executive officers, directors, current 5% or greater stockholders and entities affiliated with any of them together beneficially own a large percentage of our outstanding common stock. As a result, these stockholders, acting together, have substantial influence over all matters that require approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. As a result, corporate actions might be taken even if other stockholders, including you, oppose them. This concentration of ownership might also have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of our company that other stockholders may view as beneficial.
Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws or Delaware law might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or changes in our management and, therefore, depress the trading price of our common stock.
      Delaware corporate law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or changes in our management that the stockholders of our company may deem advantageous. These provisions:
  •  establish a classified board of directors so that not all members of our board are elected at one time;
 
  •  provide that directors may only be removed “for cause” and only with the approval of 662/3% of our stockholders;
 
  •  require super-majority voting to amend some provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws;

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  •  authorize the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that our board could issue to increase the number of outstanding shares and to discourage a takeover attempt;
 
  •  limit the ability of our stockholders to call special meetings of stockholders;
 
  •  prohibit stockholder action by written consent, which requires all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;
 
  •  provide that the board of directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal our bylaws; and
 
  •  establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings.
In addition, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company. In addition, on December 8, 2004, our Compensation Committee approved entering into Change of Control Severance Agreements with each of its named executive officers and certain other executives. The Company adopted these agreements as part of its review of compensation and benefits of the Company.
Item 7A: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
      Foreign Currency Exchange Risk. Our revenues, except in Japan, and our expenses, except those expenses related to our operations in Germany, United Kingdom, Japan and Korea operations, are denominated in U.S. dollars. Revenues and accounts receivable from our Japanese customers are denominated in Japanese Yen. We may purchase from time to time forward exchange contracts to hedge certain existing foreign currency denominated receivable. Gains and losses on these contracts are generally recognized in income when the related transactions being hedged are recognized.
      As of December 25, 2004, we had outstanding foreign currency exchange forward contracts to sell 180,893,000 Yen for $1,697,851 with contract rates ranging from 103.87 Yen to 110.15 Yen per U.S. dollar. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates throughout fiscal 2004 and the unrealized loss or fair value on these contracts totaled $43,142 as of December 25, 2004 and was recognized in income. The fair value on these foreign currency forward exchange contracts as of December 25, 2004 would have changed by $174,000 if the foreign currency exchange rate for the Japanese Yen to the U.S. dollar on these forward contracts had changed by 10%. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
      Interest Rate Risk. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing the income we receive from our investments without significantly increasing risk. Some of the securities in which we invest may be subject to market risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the principal amount of the investment to fluctuate. For example, if we hold a security that was issued with an interest rate fixed at the then-prevailing rate and the prevailing interest rate later rises, the principal amount of our investment will probably decline. To minimize this risk in the future, we intend to maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents, and marketable securities in a variety of securities, including commercial paper, money market funds, government and non-government debt securities and certificates of deposit (see Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). The risk associated with fluctuating interest rates is limited to our investment portfolio and we do not believe that a 10% change in interest rates will have a significant impact on our interest income. As of December 25, 2004, all of our investments were in money market accounts, certificates of deposit or high quality corporate debt obligations and U.S. government securities.

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Item 8: Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Consolidated Financial Statements
      The consolidated financial statements of FormFactor required by this item are included in the section entitled “Consolidated Financial Statements” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See Item 15(a)(1) for a list of FormFactor’s consolidated financial statements.
Selected Quarterly Financial Data
      The following selected quarterly financial data should be read in conjunction with FormFactor’s consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” This information has been derived from unaudited consolidated financial statements of FormFactor that, in the Company’s opinion, reflect all recurring adjustments necessary to fairly state this information when read in conjunction with FormFactor’s consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing in the section entitled “Consolidated Financial Statements.” The results of operations for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period.
                                                                     
    Mar. 29,   June 28,   Sept. 27,   Dec. 27,   Mar. 27,   June 26,   Sept. 25,   Dec. 25,
    2003   2003   2003   2003   2004   2004   2004   2004
                                 
    (In thousands, except per share data)
Revenues
  $ 18,669     $ 22,094     $ 26,076     $ 31,463     $ 37,118     $ 43,154     $ 51,377     $ 46,113  
Cost of revenues
    9,800       11,469       13,213       15,447       18,026       20,158       25,471       26,504  
Stock-based compensation
    138       150       163       161       155       157       154       160  
                                                 
Gross Margin
    8,731       10,475       12,700       15,855       18,937       22,839       25,752       19,449  
Operating Expenses:
                                                               
 
Research and Development
    3,525       3,831       3,966       4,247       4,349       4,516       5,555       5,393  
 
Selling, general and administrative
    4,013       4,478       4,980       5,573       5,874       6,862       7,904       8,378  
 
Stock-based compensation
    636       623       638       653       552       564       455       462  
                                                 
   
Total operating expenses
    8,174       8,932       9,584       10,473       10,775       11,942       13,914       14,233  
                                                 
Operating income
    557       1,543       3,116       5,382       8,162       10,897       11,838       5,216  
Interest and other income, net
    129       131       520       786       138       325       479       2,008  
                                                 
Income before income taxes
    686       1,674       3,636       6,168       8,300       11,222       12,317       7,224  
Provision for income taxes
    (263 )     (642 )     (1,395 )     (2,349 )     (3,197 )     (4,466 )     (4,820 )     (1,402 )
                                                 
Net income
    423       1,032       2,241       3,819       5,103       6,756       7,497       5,822  
Preferred stock dividend
    (1,318 )     (1,022 )                                    
Amount allocated to participating preferred stockholders
          (10 )                                    
                                                 
Net income (loss) availabe to common stockholders
  $ (895 )   $     $ 2,241     $ 3,819     $ 5,103     $ 6,756     $ 7,497     $ 5,822  
                                                 
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders per share:
                                                               
 
Basic
  $ (0.20 )   $     $ 0.07     $ 0.11     $ 0.14     $ 0.18     $ 0.20     $ 0.15  
 
Diluted
  $ (0.20 )   $     $ 0.06     $ 0.10     $ 0.13     $ 0.17     $ 0.19     $ 0.14  
Weighted-average number of shares used in per share calculations:
                                                               
 
Basic
    4,504       10,858       34,082       35,582       37,083       37,381       37,632       38,378  
 
Diluted
    4,504       10,858       37,090       38,789       40,231       40,609       40,499       40,643  

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Item 9: Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
      None.
Item 9A: Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
      As required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, FormFactor’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation as of December 25, 2004, of the effectiveness of FormFactor’s “disclosure controls and procedures” as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e).
      In the light of two restatements of previously issued financial statements and audit adjustments and revisions made in the fourth quarter to the 2004 financial statements, as described in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting presented elsewhere in this Annual Report, FormFactor’s management has concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 25, 2004. To address the deficiency, FormFactor has taken and expects to take the remediation steps described below. In addition, in connection with the preparation of this Annual Report, management of the Company undertook and completed reconciliations, analyses, reviews and control procedures in addition to those historically completed to confirm that this Annual Report fairly presents in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applicable.
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
      As required by Rule 13a-15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, FormFactor management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, also conducted an evaluation of FormFactor’s “internal control over financial reporting” as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) to determine whether any changes in FormFactor’s internal control over financial reporting occurred during the fourth quarter of 2004 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, FormFactor’s internal control over financial reporting. Based on that evaluation, there has been no such change during the fourth fiscal quarter.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
      It should be noted that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system will be met. The design of any control system is based, in part, upon the benefits of the control system relative to its costs. Control systems can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. In addition, over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
      Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appears on page 48 of this annual report and is incorporated by reference herein.
Item 9B: Other Information
      None.

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PART III
Item 10: Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
      Except for the information regarding executive officers required by Item 401 of Regulation S-K, which is included in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K as Item 1A, we incorporate the information required by this item by reference to our definitive proxy statement for our 2005 annual meeting of stockholders. We refer to this proxy statement as our 2005 Proxy Statement. Our 2005 Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or before April 24, 2005.
Item 11: Executive Compensation
      We incorporate the information required by this item by reference to our 2005 Proxy Statement.
Item 12: Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
      We incorporate the information required by this item by reference to our 2005 Proxy Statement.
Item 13: Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
      We incorporate the information required by this item by reference to our 2005 Proxy Statement.
Item 14: Principal Accountant Fees and Services
      We incorporate the information required by this item by reference to our 2005 Proxy Statement.
PART IV
Item 15:     Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K
      (a) The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
  (1) Consolidated Financial Statements:
  Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
  Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
  Consolidated Income Statements
 
  Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
 
  Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
  Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
  (2) Financial Statement Schedule:
  Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
 
  All other schedules are omitted as the required information is inapplicable or the information is presented in the Consolidated Financial Statement or Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
  (3) Exhibits:
      The exhibits listed in the accompanying Index to Exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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      (b) Exhibits: The following exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
         
Exhibit    
Number   Exhibit Description
     
  10 .11*   Key Management Bonus Plan (2004)
  10 .12*   Sales Incentive Plan (first half 2004)
 
  10 .35   Letter Agreement by and between Infineon Technologies Aktiengesellschaft and FormFactor dated December 10, 2003
 
  10 .45*   Probe Card Purchase Agreement by and between Elpida Memory, Inc. and FormFactor dated April 1, 2002 and Agreement by and between Elpida Memory, Inc. and FormFactor dated August 18, 2003
 
  10 .46   Written description of material definitive agreement to increase director compensation entered into on February 16, 2005
 
  10 .47   Intel Agreement Amendment V
 
  10 .48   Form of Change of Control Severance Agreement
 
  10 .49   Joseph R. Bronson offer letter
 
  10 .50   Ronald Foster offer letter
 
  23 .01   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
  31 .01   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 7241, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
  31 .02   Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 7241, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  32 .01**   Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
  Confidential treatment has been requested for portions of this exhibit. These portions have been omitted from this Form 10-K and have been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
**  This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any filings.

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SIGNATURES
      Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Livermore, State of California, on the 11th day of March 2005.
  FORMFACTOR, INC.
  By:  /s/ JENS MEYERHOFF
 
 
  Jens Meyerhoff
  Chief Operating Officer and
  Chief Financial Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
      KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each of the undersigned whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Dr. Igor Y. Khandros, Jens Meyerhoff and Stuart L. Merkadeau, and each of them, his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents with full power of substitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and any other documents in connection therewith, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act requisite and necessary to be done with respect to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or his or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the undersigned has executed this Power of Attorney as of the date indicated.
      Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
             
Signature   Title   Date
         
 
Principal Executive Officer and Director:        
 
/s/ DR. IGOR Y. KHANDROS
 
Dr. Igor Y. Khandros
  Chief Executive Officer and Director   March 11, 2005
 
Principal Financial Officer:        
 
/s/ JENS MEYERHOFF
 
Jens Meyerhoff
  Chief Operating Officer and
Chief Financial Officer
  March 11, 2005
 
Principal Accounting Officer:        
 
/s/ RICHARD MITTERMAIER
 
Richard Mittermaier
  Principal Accounting Officer   March 11, 2005
 
Additional Directors:        
 
/s/ HOMA BAHRAMI
 
Homa Bahrami
  Director   March 11, 2005

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Signature   Title   Date
         
 
/s/ JOSEPH R. BRONSON
 
Joseph R. Bronson
  President, member of the Office of the Chief Executive Officer and Director   March 11, 2005
 
/s/ DR. WILLIAM H. DAVIDOW
 
Dr. William H. Davidow
  Director   March 11, 2005
 
/s/ G. CARL EVERETT, JR.
 
G. Carl Everett, Jr.
  Director   March 11, 2005
 
/s/ JAMES A. PRESTRIDGE
 
James A. Prestridge
  Director   March 11, 2005
 
/s/ HARVEY A. WAGNER
 
Harvey A. Wagner
  Director   March 11, 2005

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CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
      As required under “Item 8: Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” the consolidated financial statements of FormFactor are provided in this section as follows:
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
      The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
      Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
      Under the supervision of the Company’s VP Finance — Corporate Controller, and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Financial Officer, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 25, 2004. This evaluation was based on the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
      As of December 25, 2004, the Company did not maintain effective controls over the financial reporting process because the Company lacked a sufficient complement of personnel with a level of technical accounting expertise that is commensurate with the Company’s financial reporting requirements. This control deficiency resulted in two restatements of prior period financial statements. In July 2004, the Company restated its financial statements for 2001, 2002 and 2003 and for the first quarter of 2004 and corresponding period in 2003 to correct stock-based compensation expense due to a change in the amortization schedule of deferred stock-based compensation recorded in connection with the Company’s June 2003 initial public offering and to reclassify a portion of stock-based compensation expense from operating expenses to cost of revenues. In November 2004, the Company restated its financial statements for 2001, 2002 and 2003 and for the first, second and third quarters of 2004 and corresponding periods in 2003 to correct its calculations of net income (loss) per share to reflect the impact of cumulative dividend rights and participating dividend rights of its redeemable convertible preferred stock in its calculation of net income (loss) per share. This control deficiency also resulted in audit adjustments in the fourth quarter 2004 financial statements and revisions to the financial statement disclosures as of December 25, 2004.
      A material weakness is a control deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements may not be prevented or detected. The lack of a sufficient complement of personnel with a level of technical accounting expertise that is commensurate with the Company’s financial reporting requirements is a material weakness that could result in a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. Because of the material weakness, management concluded that the Company did not maintain effective internal control over financial exporting as of December 25, 2004, based on criteria in Internal Control — Integrated Framework.
      Management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 25, 2004, has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein.
Remediation Steps to Address Material Weakness
      During fiscal year 2004, the Company took several steps toward remediation of the material weakness described above, including hiring an Internal Audit Director and a Tax Director. However, as of December 25, 2004 the hiring of a dedicated Chief Financial Officer and additional technical accounting

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resources were significant steps in the remediation plan that were not completed. Although the Company hired Ronald C. Foster on March 2, 2005, who will become the Company’s dedicated Chief Financial Officer on March 14, 2005, management’s assessment relates to the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 25, 2004, at which time this material weakness had not been remediated.
      The Company is continuing to improve its internal control over financial reporting, by implementing appropriate remediation steps that may be required, including educating and training its employees, and recruiting and retaining qualified technical expertise to staff the Company’s finance function.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of FormFactor, Inc.:
      We have completed an integrated audit of FormFactor, Inc.’s 2004 consolidated financial statements and of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 25, 2004 and audits of its 2003 and 2002 consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Our opinions, based on our audits, are presented below.
Consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule
      In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the index appearing under Item 15 (a) (1) present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of FormFactor, Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 25, 2004 and December 27, 2003, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 25, 2004 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15 (a) (2) presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit of financial statements includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Internal control over financial reporting
      Also, we have audited management’s assessment, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 8, that FormFactor, Inc. did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 25, 2004, because of the effect of the material weakness relating to the lack of a sufficient complement of personnel with a level of technical accounting expertise that is commensurate with the Company’s financial reporting requirements, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on management’s assessment and on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
      We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. An audit of internal control over financial reporting includes obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we consider necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinions.
      A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;

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(ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
      Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
      A material weakness is a control deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected. The following material weakness has been identified and included in management’s assessment. The lack of a sufficient complement of personnel with a level of technical accounting expertise that is commensurate with the Company’s financial reporting requirements is a material weakness that could result in a material misstatement of annual and interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. This material weakness was considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2004 consolidated financial statements, and our opinion regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting does not affect our opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
      In our opinion, management’s assessment that FormFactor, Inc. did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 25, 2004, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the COSO. Also, in our opinion, because of the effect of the material weakness described above on the achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, FormFactor, Inc. has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 25, 2004, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the COSO.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Jose, California
March 11, 2005

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
                     
    December 27,   December 25,
    2003   2004
         
    (In thousands, except share
    and per share data)
ASSETS
Current assets:
               
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 12,855     $ 34,836  
 
Marketable securities
    166,415       156,647  
 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $103 in 2003 and $41 in 2004
    19,698       25,054  
 
Inventories, net
    8,025       11,232  
 
Deferred tax assets
    2,825       7,587  
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    2,744       4,760  
             
   
Total current assets
    212,562       240,116  
Restricted cash
    2,550       2,250  
Property and equipment, net
    22,566       59,356  
Deferred tax assets
    1,202       570  
Other assets
    356       274  
             
   
Total assets
  $ 239,236     $ 302,566  
             
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
               
 
Accounts payable
  $ 10,579     $ 17,556  
 
Accrued liabilities
    10,134       14,685  
 
Deferred revenue and customer advances
    1,005       2,770  
             
   
Total current liabilities
    21,718       35,011  
Deferred revenue and customer advances
    433       195  
Deferred rent
    2,071       2,185  
             
   
Total liabilities
    24,222       37,391  
             
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
               
Stockholders’ equity
               
 
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value:
               
   
Authorized: 10,000,000 shares issued and outstanding: none in 2003 and 2004
           
 
Common stock, $0.001 par value:
               
   
Authorized: 250,000,000 shares issued and outstanding: 36,808,906 shares in 2003 and 38,885,637 shares in 2004
    37       39  
 
Additional paid-in capital
    226,592       249,149  
 
Notes receivable from stockholders
    (661 )      
 
Deferred stock-based compensation, net
    (7,902 )     (5,413 )
 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (4 )     (730 )
 
Retained earnings (deficit)
    (3,048 )     22,130  
             
   
Total stockholders’ equity:
    215,014       265,175  
             
   
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 239,236     $ 302,566  
             
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
                               
    Years Ended
     
    December 28,   December 27,   December 25,
    2002   2003   2004
             
    (In thousands, except per share data)
Revenues
  $ 78,684     $ 98,302     $ 177,762  
Cost of revenues
    39,456       49,929       90,159  
Stock-based compensation
    426       612       626  
                   
Gross margin
    38,802       47,761       86,977  
                   
Operating expenses:
                       
 
Research and development(1)
    14,592       15,569       19,813  
 
Selling, general and administrative(1)
    17,005       19,044       29,018  
 
Stock-based compensation
    2,039       2,550       2,033  
                   
     
Total operating expenses
    33,636       37,163       50,864  
                   
Operating income
    5,166       10,598       36,113  
Interest income
    808       1,041       2,450  
Interest expense
    (79 )     (38 )      
Other income (expense), net
    (87 )     563       500  
                   
      642       1,566       2,950  
                   
Income before income taxes
    5,808       12,164       39,063  
Benefit (provision) for income taxes
    3,558       (4,649 )     (13,885 )
                   
Net income
    9,366       7,515       25,178  
Preferred stock dividend
    (5,272 )     (2,340 )      
Amount allocated to participating preferred stockholders
    (3,479 )     (10 )      
                   
Net income available to common stockholders
  $ 615     $ 5,165     $ 25,178  
                   
Net income per share available to common stockholders:
                       
 
Basic
  $ 0.14     $ 0.25     $ 0.67  
                   
 
Diluted
  $ 0.10     $ 0.19     $ 0.63  
                   
Weighted-average number of shares used in per share calculations:
                       
 
Basic
    4,413       21,012       37,647  
                   
 
Diluted
    5,906       29,280       40,054  
                   
(1) Amounts exclude stock-based compensation, as follows:
                       
   
Research and development
  $ 708     $ 893     $ 830  
   
Selling, general and administrative
    1,331       1,657       1,203  
                   
     
Total
  $ 2,039     $ 2,550     $ 2,033  
                   
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
For the Years Ended December 28, 2002,
December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004
                                                                 
            Notes       Accumulated        
    Common Stock   Additional   Receivable   Deferred   Other   Retained    
        Paid-In   from   Stock-Based   Comprehensive   Earnings    
    Shares   Amount   Capital   Stockholders   Compensation   Loss   (Deficit)   Total
                                 
    (In thousands, except share data)
Balances, December 29, 2001
    4,578,450     $ 5     $ 10,211     $ (3,818 )   $ (4,051 )   $     $ (19,929 )   $ (17,582 )
Repayment of notes receivable from stockholders
                      26                         26  
Issuance of common stock pursuant to exercise of options for cash
    223,113             1,070                               1,070  
Issuance of common stock for services provided
    7,538             57                               57  
Repurchase of common stock for cash and in connection with cancellation of notes receivable from stockholders
    (128,983 )           (351 )     345                         (6 )
Deferred stock-based compensation, net of cancellations
                9,196             (9,196 )                  
Recognition of stock-based compensation
                            2,465                   2,465  
Net income
                                        9,366       9,366  
                                                 
Balances, December 28, 2002
    4,680,118       5       20,183       (3,447 )     (10,782 )           (10,563 )     (4,604 )
Repurchase of common stock
    (100,000 )           (200 )                             (200 )
Issuance of common stock in connection with initial public offering and follow-on offering, net of issuance costs
    8,755,171       9       137,826                               137,835  
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock into common stock upon initial public offering
    23,002,626       23       64,872                               64,895  
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants into common stock warrants
                306                               306  
Issuance of common stock pursuant to net exercise of common stock warrants
    45,338                                            
Repayment of notes receivable from stockholders
                      2,786                         2,786  
Issuance of common stock pursuant to exercise of options for cash
    425,653             1,655                               1,655  
Tax benefit from exercise of common stock options
                1,668                               1,668  
Deferred stock-based compensation, net of cancellations
                282             (282 )                  
Recognition of deferred stock-based compensation
                            3,162                   3,162  

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            Notes       Accumulated        
    Common Stock   Additional   Receivable   Deferred   Other   Retained    
        Paid-In   from   Stock-Based   Comprehensive   Earnings    
    Shares   Amount   Capital   Stockholders   Compensation   Loss   (Deficit)   Total
                                 
    (In thousands, except share data)
Components of other comprehensive income:
                                                               
 
Change in unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax
                                  47             47  
 
Translation adjustments
                                  (51 )           (51 )
 
Net income
                                        7,515       7,515  
                                                 
   
Comprehensive income
                                                            7,511  
                                                 
Balances, December 27, 2003
    36,808,906       37       226,592       (661 )     (7,902 )     (4 )     (3,048 )     215,014  
Repayment of notes receivable from stockholders
                      661                         661  
Issuance of common stock pursuant to exercise of options for cash
    1,789,495       2       10,392                               10,394  
Issuance of common stock under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan
    287,236             3,439                               3,439  
Tax benefit from exercise of common stock options
                8,556                               8,556  
Deferred stock-based compensation, net of cancellations
                170             (170 )                  
Recognition of deferred stock-based compensation
                            2,659                   2,659  
Components of other comprehensive income:
                                                               
 
Change in unrealized loss on marketable securities, net of tax
                                  (496 )           (496 )
 
Translation adjustments
                                  (230 )           (230 )
 
Net income
                                        25,178       25,178  
                                                 
   
Comprehensive income
                                                            24,452  
                                                 
Balances, December 25, 2004
    38,885,637     $ 39     $ 249,149     $     $ (5,413 )   $ (730 )   $ 22,130     $ 265,175  
                                                 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
                                 
    Years Ended
     
    December 28,   December 27,   December 25,
    2002   2003   2004
             
    (In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
                       
 
Net income
  $ 9,366     $ 7,515     $ 25,178  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
   
Depreciation and amortization
    5,392       5,147       6,987  
   
Stock-based compensation expense
    2,465       3,162       2,659  
   
Common stock issued for services provided
    57              
   
Deferred tax assets
    (4,072 )     1,458       (4,130 )
   
Tax benefits from employee stock option plans
          1,668       8,556  
   
Interest income from stockholders’ notes receivable
    (238 )     (160 )      
   
Provision for doubtful accounts
    (161 )     (150 )     (61 )
   
Provision for excess and obsolete inventories
    1,279       1,959       4,462  
   
Loss on disposal of property and equipment
    322       10        
   
Changes in assets and liabilities:
                       
     
Accounts receivable
    38       (7,547 )     (5,294 )
     
Inventories
    (3,119 )     (5,755 )     (7,668 )
     
Prepaids and other current assets
    (1,412 )     918       (1,905 )
     
Accounts payable
    1,163       3,842       804  
     
Accrued liabilities
    1,828       933       4,446  
     
Deferred rent
          2,071       114  
     
Deferred revenues
    (55 )     (28 )     1,527  
                   
       
Net cash provided by operating activities
    12,853       15,043       35,675  
                   
Cash flows from investing activities:
                       
 
Acquisition of property and equipment
    (4,177 )     (11,151 )     (37,727 )
 
Purchase of marketable securities
    (34,111 )     (257,091 )     (138,693 )
 
Proceeds from maturities and sales of marketable securities
    22,590       109,255       147,966  
 
Restricted cash
    (2,835 )     285       300  
 
Other assets
    63       83       (40 )
                   
Net cash used in investing activities
    (18,470 )     (158,619 )     (28,194 )
                   
Cash flows from financing activities:
                       
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net
    1,070       139,490       13,833  
 
Repayment of notes receivable from stockholders
    26       2,786       661  
 
Repurchase of common stock
    (6 )     (200 )      
 
Proceeds from issuance of bank line of credit
    375       1,000        
 
Repayment of notes payable
    (602 )     (1,125 )      
 
Repayment of bank line of credit
          (1,375 )      
                   
       
Net cash provided by financing activities
    863       140,576       14,494  
                   
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
          44       6  
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    (4,754 )     (2,956 )     21,981  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
    20,565       15,811       12,855  
                   
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
  $ 15,811     $ 12,855     $ 34,836  
                   
Non-cash financing activities:
                       
 
Repurchase of common stock in connection with cancellation of notes receivable from stockholders
  $ 345     $ 200     $  
 
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock and warrants to common stock
  $     $ 65,201     $  
 
Deferred stock-based compensation
  $ 9,196     $ 282     $ 170  
 
Purchases of property and equipment through accounts payable
              $ 6,157  
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
                       
 
Interest paid
  $ 79     $ 38     $  
 
Income taxes paid
  $ 179     $ 2,573     $ 10,271  
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 — Formation and Business of the Company:
      FormFactor, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated on April 15, 1993 to design, develop, manufacture, sell and support precision, high performance advanced semiconductor wafer probe cards. The Company is based in Livermore, California, home to its corporate offices, research and development, and manufacturing locations. The Company has offices in California, Japan, Hungary, Germany and South Korea.
Fiscal Year
      Our fiscal year ends on the last Saturday in December. The fiscal years ended December 25, 2004, December 27, 2003 and December 28, 2002 had 52 weeks each.
Initial Public Offering
      The Securities and Exchange Commission declared the Company’s first registration statement, which the Company filed on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-86738) under the Securities Act of 1933 in connection with the initial public offering of its common stock, effective on June 11, 2003. Under this registration statement, the Company registered 6,900,000 shares of its common stock, including 900,000 shares subject to the underwriter’s over-allotment option, with an aggregate public offering price of $96,600,000. The Company registered 6,505,305 of these shares on its behalf and 394,695 of these shares on behalf of certain stockholders of the Company, including a director and certain officers of the Company.
      In June 2003 the Company completed its initial public offering in which it sold 5,605,305 shares of the Company’s common stock that it registered on its behalf and 394,695 shares on behalf of the selling stockholders. The shares were sold for the aggregate public offering price of $84,000,000. The underwriters exercised their over-allotment option to purchase 900,000 shares on June 20, 2003 and in connection with the option’s exercise, the Company sold 900,000 shares for the aggregate public offering price of $12,600,000. The sale of shares of common stock by the Company, including the sale of 900,000 shares pursuant to the exercise of the over-allotment option by the underwriters, resulted in aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $91,100,000, approximately $6,400,000 of which the Company applied to underwriting discounts and commissions and approximately $2,700,000 of which the Company applied to related costs. As a result, the Company received approximately $82,000,000 of the offering proceeds.
      The sale of shares of common stock by the selling stockholders resulted in aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $5,500,000, approximately $2,700,000 of which the selling stockholders paid to the Company to repay loans from the Company and approximately $387,000 of which the selling stockholders applied to underwriting discounts and commissions. As result, the selling stockholders received approximately $2,400,000 of the offering proceeds.
Follow-On Public Offering
      The Securities and Exchange Commission declared the Company’s follow-on registration statement, which the Company filed on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-109815) under the Securities Act of 1933 in connection with the follow-on public offering of its common stock, effective on November 4, 2003. Under this registration statement, the Company and certain stockholders of the Company offered 5,750,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, including 750,000 shares subject to the underwriters’ over-allotment option, with an aggregate public offering price of $149,500,000. The Company registered 2,249,866 of these shares, including 750,000 shares subject to the underwriters’ over-allotment option, on its behalf and 3,500,134 of these shares on behalf of certain stockholders of the Company, including certain officers of the Company and an officer who is also a director of the Company.
      On November 10, 2003, the Company completed its follow-on offering in which it sold 2,249,866 shares of its common stock and the selling stockholders sold 3,500,134 shares of the Company’s common stock. The

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
sale of shares of common stock by the Company, including the sale of 750,000 shares pursuant to the exercise of the over-allotment option by the underwriters, resulted in aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $58,500,000, approximately $2,600,000 of which the Company applied to underwriting discounts and commissions. As a result, the Company received approximately $55,900,000 of the offering proceeds.
      The sale of shares of common stock by the selling stockholders resulted in aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $91,000,000, of which $4,100,000 was applied to underwriting discounts and commissions. As a result, the selling stockholders received approximately $86,900,000 of the offering proceeds.
Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:
Basis of Consolidation and Foreign Currency Translation
      The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
      Translation gains and losses resulting from the process of remeasuring into the United States of America dollar the foreign currency financial statements of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries, for which the United States of America dollar is the functional currency, are included in operations. For the Company’s international subsidiaries which use their local currency as their functional currency, assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and revenue and expense accounts at average exchange rates during the period. Resulting translation adjustments are recorded directly to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
Use of Estimates
      In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management utilizes certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The primary estimates underlying the Company’s financial statements include allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, inventories, investments, income taxes, warranty obligations, contingencies, litigation and accrual for other liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
      The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities or remaining maturities of three months or less, at the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include money market and various deposit accounts.
Marketable Securities
      The Company has classified its marketable securities as “available-for-sale.” All marketable securities represent the investment of funds available for current operations, notwithstanding their contractual maturities. Such marketable securities are recorded at fair value and unrealized gains and losses, if material, are recorded as a separate component of stockholders’ equity until realized. Realized gains and losses on sale of all such securities are reported in earnings, computed using the specific identification cost method.
Reclassification
      Certain amounts in the prior year consolidated financial statements were reclassified to confirm to the current year’s presentation. In particular, the Company has reclassified certain auction rate securities, for which interest rates reset in less than 90 days, but for which the maturity date is longer than 90 days, and certain other short term investments where original or remaining maturity, at the date of purchase was longer

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
than 90 days from cash and cash equivalents to short-term marketable securities. This resulted in a reclassification from cash and cash equivalents to short-term marketable securities of $103.4 million on the December 27, 2003 balance sheet. The Company also made corresponding adjustments to the statement of cash flows for the years ended December 28, 2002 and December 27, 2003, to reflect the gross purchases and sales of these securities as investing activities rather than as a component of cash and cash equivalents. For the years ended December 28, 2002 and December 27, 2003, before this reclassification, net cash used in investing activities related to these current investments of $7.5 million and $64.1 million, respectively, were included in cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. These reclassifications had no impact on the previously reported net income or cash flow from operations.
Restricted Cash
      Under the terms of one of its facility leases, the Company provides security to the landlord in the form of letters of credit. In fiscal 2003 and fiscal 2004, the letters of credit were secured by a certificate of deposit of $2,550,000 and $2,250,000, respectively, which was classified as restricted cash as of December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004.
Inventories
      Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (principally standard cost which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis) or market value. Reserves for potentially excess and obsolete inventory are made based on management’s analysis of inventory levels and future sales forecasts.
      The Company designs, manufactures and sells a fully custom product into a market that has been subject to cyclicality and significant demand fluctuations. Probe cards are complex products, custom to a specific chip design and have to be delivered on lead-times shorter than most manufacturers’ cycle times. It is therefore common to start production and to acquire production materials ahead of the receipt of an actual purchase order. Probe cards are manufactured in low volumes, therefore, material purchases are often subject to minimum purchase order quantities in excess of the actual demand. These factors make inventory valuation adjustments part of the normally occurring cost of revenue. The aggregate inventory valuation adjustments equal the additions to the inventory reserves and were $1,279,000, $1,959,000 and $4,462,000 for the years ended December 28, 2002, December 27, 2003, and for December 25, 2004, respectively. The Company retains the excess inventory until the customer’s design is discontinued. The inventory may be used to satisfy customer warranty demand. When the customer’s design is discontinued, the Company disposes of any excess inventory. The Company disposed of inventories of $2,436,000 in fiscal year 2002 and $994,000 in fiscal year 2004 but did not dispose of any inventories in fiscal year 2003.
Property and Equipment
      Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally two to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over their estimated useful lives or the term of the related lease, whichever is less. Upon sale or retirement of assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the balance sheet and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of
      The Company accounts for impairment of long-lived assets in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”. SFAS No. 144 establishes a uniform accounting model for long-lived assets to be disposed of. SFAS No. 144 also requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.
Warranty Accrual
      The Company offers warranties on certain products and records a liability for the estimated future costs associated with warranty claims, which is based upon historical experience and the Company’s estimate of the level of future costs. Warranty costs are reflected in the income statement as a cost of revenues. A reconciliation of the changes in the Company’s warranty liability for the year ending December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004 follows (in thousands):
         
Warranty accrual at December 28, 2002
  $ 679  
Reserve for warranties issued during the year
    722  
Settlements made during the year
    (955 )
       
Warranty accrual at December 27, 2003
    446  
Reserve for warranties issued during the year
    936  
Settlements made during the year
    (822 )
       
Warranty accrual at December 25, 2004
  $ 560  
       
      Management believes that the accrual balance at December 25, 2004 is adequate to cover estimated future costs associated with warranty claims.
Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties
      The Company maintains its cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities in accounts with three major financial institutions in the United States of America and in countries where subsidiaries operate. Deposits in these banks may exceed the amounts of insurance provided on such deposits. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents.
      Carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Estimated fair values for marketable securities, which are separately disclosed elsewhere, are based on quoted market prices for the same or similar instruments.
      The Company markets and sells its products to a narrow base of customers and generally does not require collateral. In fiscal year 2002, three customers accounted for approximately 27%, 21% and 20% of revenues. In fiscal 2003, four customers accounted for approximately 30%, 13%, 12% and 10% of revenues. In fiscal 2004, four customers accounted for approximately 20%, 19%, 15% and 12% of revenues. At December 27, 2003, three customers accounted for approximately 38%, 10% and 10% of accounts receivable. At December 25, 2004, three customers accounted for approximately 32%, 18% and 13% of accounts receivable.
      The Company operates in the intensely competitive semiconductor industry, primarily dynamic random access memory, or DRAM, which has been characterized by price erosion, rapid technological change, short product life, cyclical market patterns and heightened foreign and domestic competition. Significant technological changes in the industry could affect operating results adversely.
      Certain components that meet the Company’s requirements are available only from a limited number of suppliers. The rapid rate of technological change and the necessity of developing and manufacturing products with short lifecycles may intensify these risks. The inability to obtain components as required, or to develop

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
alternative sources, if and as required in the future, could result in delays or reductions in product shipments, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Revenue Recognition
      The Company recognizes revenue upon shipment where there is a contract or purchase order, the fee is fixed or determinable and where collectibility of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. Revenues from product sales to customers other than distributors are recognized upon shipment or delivery depending on the terms of sale. Although the Company’s distributor has no price protection rights or rights to return product, other than for warranty claims, the Company defers recognition of revenue and related cost of revenues, on a gross basis, from its distributor until the distributor confirms an order from its customer, given the lack of visibility into the distributor’s inventory levels. Revenues from the licensing of the Company’s design and manufacturing technology, which have been insignificant to date, are recognized over the term of the license agreement or when the significant contractual obligations have been fulfilled.
Research and Development
      Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Advertising Costs
      Advertising costs, included in sales and marketing expenses, are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses in fiscal years 2002, 2003 and 2004 were approximately $114,000, $210,000 and $169,000 respectively.
Income Taxes
      The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.
Segments
      The Company operates in one segment for the design, development, manufacture, sale and support of precision, high performance advanced semiconductor wafer probe cards, using one measurement of profitability to manage its business.
Stock-based Compensation
      The Company uses the intrinsic value method of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 (“APB No. 25”), “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” in accounting for its employee stock options, and presents disclosure of pro forma information required under SFAS No. 123 (“SFAS No. 123”), “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.”
      Had compensation cost for the Company’s stock option grants to employees been determined based on the fair values of the stock option at the date of grant consistent with the provisions of SFAS No. 123, the

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Company’s net income and net income available to common stockholders per share would have been changed to the pro-forma amounts as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
                             
    Years Ended
     
    December 28,   December 27,   December 25,
    2002   2003   2004
             
Reported net income
  $ 9,366     $ 7,515     $ 25,178  
Add: Stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported net income available to common stockholders, net of tax
    1,910       2,440       2,106  
Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under the minimum and fair value based methods for all awards, net of tax
    (3,615 )     (7,375 )     (9,298 )
                   
Pro forma net income
  $ 7,661     $ 2,580     $ 17,986  
                   
Net income per share available to common stockholders per share
                       
 
Basic:
                       
   
As reported
  $ 0.14     $ 0.25     $ 0.67  
                   
   
Pro forma
  $ 0.08     $ 0.01     $ 0.48  
                   
 
Diluted:
                       
   
As reported
  $ 0.10     $ 0.19     $ 0.63  
                   
   
Pro forma
  $ 0.06     $ 0.01     $ 0.45  
                   
      The Company has adopted the disclosure only provisions of SFAS No. 123. Prior to the Company’s initial public offering in June 2003, the Company calculated the fair value of each option on the date of grant using the minimum value method as prescribed by SFAS No. 123. Therefore, the pro forma net income and pro forma net income per share may not be representative for future periods. The assumptions used are as follows:
                                         
        ESPP Year   ESPP Year
    Stock Options Years Ended   Ended   Ended
             
    December 28,   December 27,   December 25,   December 27,   December 25,
    2002   2003   2004   2003   2004
                     
Risk-free interest rate
    4.48 %     3.00 %     3.46 %     0.89 %     1.64 %
Expected life (in years)
    5       5       5       0.5       0.5  
Dividend yield
                             
Expected volatility
    67 %     67 %     46 %     67 %     56 %
      The weighted-average per share grant date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 28, 2002, December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004 was $7.77, $8.76 and $9.40 respectively. The weighted average estimated fair value of purchase rights granted under the 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan was $6.39 and $7.48 per share for fiscal 2003 and fiscal 2004, respectively.
      The Company accounts for equity instruments issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123 and Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue No. 96-18, “Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services” which require that such equity instruments are recorded at their fair value on the measurement date. The measurement of stock-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustment as the underlying equity instruments vest.

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Net Income Per Share
      Basic net income per share available to common stockholders is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per share is computed giving effect to all potential dilutive common stock, including options, warrants, common stock subject to repurchase and redeemable convertible preferred stock.
      A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share follows (in thousands):
                           
    Years Ended
     
    December 28,   December 27,   December 25,
    2002   2003   2004
             
Basic net income per share
                       
Numerator:
                       
 
Net income available to common stockholders
  $ 615     $ 5,165     $ 25,178  
                   
Denominator:
                       
 
Weighted-average common stock outstanding
    4,638       21,180       37,762  
 
Less: Weighted-average shares subject to repurchase
    (225 )     (168 )     (115 )
                   
Weighted-average shares used in computing basic net income per share
    4,413       21,012       37,647  
Diluted net income per share
                       
Numerator:
                       
Net income available to common stockholders
  $ 615     $ 5,165     $ 25,178  
Add preferred dividends for each Series considered dilutive
          310        
                   
Net income available to common stockholders
  $ 615     $ 5,475     $ 25,178  
                   
Denominator:
                       
Weighted-average shares used in computing basic net income per share
    4,413       21,012       37,647  
Add stock options, warrants and common stock subject to repurchase
    1,493       2,422       2,407  
Add convertible preferred shares for each Series considered dilutive
          5,846        
                   
Weighted-average shares used in computing diluted net income per share
    5,906       29,280       40,054  
                   
      The following outstanding options and warrants were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share as they had an antidilutive effect (in thousands):
                         
    December 28,   December 27,   December 25,
    2002   2003   2004
             
Options to purchase common stock
    1,439       1,122       708  
Warrants
    46              
Convertible preferred stock
    22,999       17,156        

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
      Comprehensive income (loss) includes foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, the impact of which has been excluded from net income and reflected as components of stockholder’s equity. The changes in the components of comprehensive income (loss) is reported on the Company’s consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity (in thousands):
                         
    Years Ended
     
    December 28,   December 27,   December 25,
    2002   2003   2004
             
Net income
  $ 9,366     $ 7,515     $ 25,178  
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax
          47       (496 )
Foreign currency translation adjustments
          (51 )     (230 )
                   
Comprehensive income
        $ 7,511     $ 24,452  
                   
      Accumulated balances of comprehensive loss were as follows (in thousands):
                 
    December 27, 2003   December 25, 2004
         
Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax
  $ 47     $ (448 )
Cumulative translation adjustments
    (51 )     (282 )
             
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
  $ (4 )   $ (730 )
             
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
      In March 2004, the FASB issued EITF Issue No. 03-1 (“EITF 03-1”), “The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments” which provides new guidance for assessing impairment losses on investments. Additionally, EITF 03-1 includes new disclosure requirements for investments that are deemed to be temporarily impaired. In September 2004, the FASB delayed the accounting provisions of EITF 03-1; however the disclosure requirements remain effective for annual periods ending after June 15, 2004. The Company has complied with the disclosure requirements and will evaluate the impact of EITF 03-1 once the final guidance is issued.
      On November 15, 2004, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. 109-2, “Accounting and Disclosure Guidance for Foreign Earnings Repatriation Provision within the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 Act. The Jobs Act was enacted on October 22, 2004 which provides for a temporary 85% dividends received deduction on certain foreign earnings repatriated during a one-year period. This pronouncement provides guidance under FASB Statement No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” with respect to recording the potential impact of the repatriation provisions of the Act. The Company has determined the pronouncement does not impact the Company’s 2004 financial statements.
      In November 2004, the FASB issued Financial Accounting Standard No. 151, “Inventory Costs — an Amendment of ARB No. 43, Chapter 4” (SFAS 151). SFAS 151 amends ARB 43, Chapter 4, to clarify that abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs, and wasted materials (spoilage) should be recognized as current-period charges. In addition, this Statement requires that allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of conversion be based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. The provisions of this Statement are effective for inventory costs incurred during fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2005. The adoption of the provisions of SFAS 151 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated result of operations.

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
      In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123R, “Share-Based Payment.” SFAS No. 123R requires employee stock options and rights to purchase shares under stock participation plans to be accounted for under the fair value method, and eliminates the ability to account for these instruments under the intrinsic value method prescribed by APB Opinion No. 25, and allowed under the original provisions of SFAS No. 123. SFAS No. 123R requires the use of an option pricing model for estimating fair value, which is amortized to expense over the service periods. The requirements of SFAS No. 123R are effective for fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005. SFAS No. 123R allows for either prospective recognition of compensation expense or retrospective recognition, which may be back to the original issuance of SFAS No. 123 or only to interim periods in the year of adoption. Management believes the adoption of SFAS No. 123R will have a significant impact on net income and net income per share.
      In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 153, Exchange of Nonmonetary Assets, an amendment of APB No. 29, Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions (“SFAS 153”). SFAS 153 amends APB No. 29 to eliminate the exception for nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets and replaces it with a general exception for exchanges of nonmonetary assets that do not have commercial substance. A nonmonetary exchange has commercial substance if the future cash flows of the entity are expected to change significantly as a result of the exchange. The Company is required to adopt SFAS 153, on a prospective basis, for nonmonetary exchanges beginning after June 15, 2005. The adoption of SFAS No. 153 is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s consolidated result of operations.
Note 3 — Balance Sheet Components:
      Marketable securities at December 25, 2004 consisted of the following (in thousands):
                                   
        Gross   Gross    
        Unrealized   Unrealized   Market
    Cost   Gains   Losses   Value
                 
Corporate bonds and notes
  $ 3,115     $     $ (23 )   $ 3,092  
Municipal bonds
    121,481       4       (162 )     121,323  
U.S. government agencies
    32,499             (267 )     32,232  
                         
 
Total
  $ 157,095     $ 4     $ (452 )   $ 156,647  
                         
      Marketable securities at December 27, 2003 consisted of the following (in thousands):
                                   
        Gross   Gross    
        Unrealized   Unrealized   Market
    Cost   Gains   Losses   Value
                 
Corporate bonds and notes
  $ 3,251     $ 4     $     $ 3,255  
Municipal bonds
    147,118       10       (17 )     147,111  
U.S. government agencies
    16,000       49             16,049  
                         
 
Total
  $ 166,369     $ 63     $ (17 )   $ 166,415  
                         
      The Company’s unrealized losses of $452,000 on marketable securities in fiscal 2004 were due primarily to interest rate movements. Management does not believe that any of the unrealized losses represented an other-than-temporary impairment based upon its evaluation of available evidence as of December 25, 2004.

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
      Contractual maturities of marketable securities as of December 25, 2004 were as follows (in thousands):
                 
        Market
    Cost   Value
         
Due in one year or less
  $ 44,651     $ 44,459  
Due after one year through 5 years
    44,122       43,863  
Due after 10 years
    68,322       68,325  
             
    $ 157,095     $ 156,647  
             
      For fiscal 2002 realized gains and realized losses on sales or maturities of marketable securities were not material. For fiscal 2003 and 2004, the Company did not incur any realized gains or realized losses on sales of marketable securities.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
      Accounts receivable consisted of trade accounts receivable at December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear any interest. The Company estimates allowances for doubtful accounts based primarily on analysis of historical trends and experience. We review our allowance for doubtful accounts monthly. Past due balances over 90 days and over a specified amount are reviewed individually for collectibility. We do not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to our customers.
      Inventories, net of reserves, consisted of the following (in thousands):
                 
    December 27,   December 25,
    2003   2004
         
Raw materials
  $ 3,128     $ 4,586  
Work-in-progress
    4,628       6,174  
Finished goods
    269       472  
             
    $ 8,025     $ 11,232  
             
      Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):
                 
    December 27,   December 25,
    2003   2004
         
Machinery and equipment
  $ 24,768     $ 30,033  
Computer equipment and software
    6,866       8,704  
Furniture and fixtures
    632       2,100  
Leasehold improvements
    3,127       29,814  
             
      35,393       70,651  
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
    (22,668 )     (29,782 )
Construction-in-progress
    9,841       18,487  
             
    $ 22,566     $ 59,356  
             
      Depreciation expense of property and equipment for the years ended December 28, 2002, December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004 was approximately $5,315,000, $5,086,000 and $6,987,000, respectively. Amortization for the years ended December 28, 2002, December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004 was approximately $77,000, $61,000 and none, respectively.

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
      Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
                 
    December 27,   December 25,
    2003   2004
         
Accrued compensation and benefits
  $ 7,180     $ 10,401  
Accrued commissions
    387       556  
Other accrued expenses
    2,567       3,728  
             
    $ 10,134     $ 14,685  
             
Note 4 — Notes Payable and Bank Line of Credit:
      In February 2003, the Company amended and restated its loan and security agreement with Comerica Bank. The loan and security agreement provided a revolving line of credit to allow for a maximum commitment amount of up to $16,000,000. In April 2003, the Company borrowed $1,000,000 under the revolving line of credit to pay down the outstanding amounts under the expiring equipment line of credit and term loan under the Company’s prior agreement with Comerica Bank. The Company repaid the outstanding amounts under the line of credit in September 2003 and the restated loan and security agreement with Comerica Bank was terminated in December 2003.
Note 5 — Hedging
      The Company purchases forward exchange contracts to hedge certain existing foreign currency denominated accounts receivable. These hedges do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment per the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” The Company recognizes gains or losses from the fluctuation in foreign exchange rates and the valuation of these hedge contracts in other expense. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
      As of December 25, 2004, the Company had three forward exchange contracts outstanding, allowing the Company to sell 181 million Yen for $1.7 million with contract rates ranging from 103.87 Yen to 110.15 Yen per U.S. dollar. The estimated fair value for these contracts was $1.7 million as of December 25, 2004. These contracts are due between January 2005 and April 2005.
Note 6 — Commitments and Contingencies:
Environmental Matters
      The Company is subject to U.S. federal and state and foreign governmental laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. Management believes that the Company complies with all material environmental laws and regulations that apply to the Company. In late 2003 and early 2004 the Company received notices from the California Department of Toxic Substances Control and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District regarding violations of certain environmental regulations. The Company promptly took appropriate steps to address all of the violations noted, believes that all such violations were addressed, and sent correspondence to the agencies confirming such corrective steps. In 2003, the Company resolved a Notice of Violation from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District through its corrective action and a payment of $2,100. In 2004, the Company resolved a Notice of Violation from the California Department of Toxic Substances Control through its corrective action and payment in the amount of $7,750, resolved a Notice of Violation from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District through its corrective action and payment in the amount of $1,000, and resolved a Citation and Notification of Penalty from the California Division of Occupational Safety and Health through its corrective action and payment in the amount of $150. In February and April 2004 the Company received a total of four notices from the City of Livermore Water Resources

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Division regarding violations of Applicable Discharge Limits in relation to certain of its Wastewater Discharge/ Chemical Storage permits. In March 2004, the Company reported to appropriate authorities release of a fuel/water mixture resulting in a Notice of Violation from the City of Livermore Water Resources Division. The Company believes it instituted appropriate corrective action. Notwithstanding the Company’s corrective action, the Notices of Violation remain unresolved and the Company may be subject to a penalty or additional enforcement actions based thereupon. In August 2004, the Company reported to the appropriate authorities overflow of wastewater. The Company has not yet received any formal notices from an agency or governmental authority regarding any potential violation or notice of violation; and the matter, to date, remains unresolved.
      In the future, the Company may receive environmental violation notices, and that final resolution of the violations identified by these notices could harm its operating results. New laws and regulations, stricter enforcement of existing laws and regulations, the discovery of previously unknown contamination at the Company’s or others’ sites or the imposition of new cleanup requirements could also harm the Company’s operating results.
Leases
      The Company leases its facilities under various operating leases which expire through December 2012. In addition to the base rental, the Company is responsible for certain taxes, insurance and maintenance costs. Under the terms of the lease agreements, the Company has the option to extend the term leases. As of December 25, 2004, aggregate future minimum lease payments are as follows (in thousands):
         
2005
  $ 3,027  
2006
    2,339  
2007
    2,366  
2008
    2,450  
2009
    2,533  
Thereafter
    7,929  
       
    $ 20,644  
       
      Rent expense for the years ended December 28, 2002, December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004 was approximately $2,902,000, $3,417,000 and $3,505 ,000, respectively.
Indemnification Arrangements
      The Company enters into indemnification arrangements with third parties, including customers, business partners and lessors, from time to time in the ordinary course of its business. Under these arrangements, the Company has agreed to defend, indemnify and hold the third party harmless from and against losses arising from a breach of representations or covenants of the Company, from claims of intellectual property infringement, or from other claims concerning the Company’s products made against those third parties. These arrangements may limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made, the type of the claim and the total amount that the Company can be required to pay in connection with the indemnification obligation. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and officers, and the Company’s bylaws contain indemnification obligations in favor of the Company’s directors, officers and agents. It is not possible to determine or reasonably estimate the maximum potential amount of future payments under these indemnification arrangements due to the varying terms of such arrangements, the history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular arrangement and in each potential future claim for indemnification. The Company is not aware of any requests for indemnification under these arrangements. The Company has not recorded any liabilities for these

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
indemnification arrangements on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004 and believes the estimated fair value of these arrangements is minimal.
Legal Matters
      In February 2004, the Company filed in the Seoul Southern District Court, located in Seoul, South Korea, two separate complaints against Phicom Corporation (“Phicom”), a Korean corporation, alleging infringement of a total of four Korean patents issued to the Company. One complaint alleges that Phicom is infringing the Company’s Korean Patent Nos. 252,457, entitled “Method of Fabricating Interconnections Using Cantilever Elements and Sacrificial Substrates,” and 324,064, entitled “Contact Tip Structures for Microelectronic Interconnection Elements and Methods of Making Same.” The other complaint alleges Phicom is infringing the Company’s Korean Patent Nos. 278,342, entitled “Method of Altering the Orientation of Probe Elements in a Probe Card Assembly,” and 399,210, entitled “Probe Card Assembly.” Both of the complaints seek injunctive relief. The court actions are a part of the Company’s ongoing efforts to protect the intellectual property embodied in its proprietary technology, including its MicroSpring interconnect technology.
      In March 2004, Phicom filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office invalidity actions challenging the validity of some or all of the claims of each of the four Company patents-at-issue. In November 2004, the Korean Intellectual Property Office dismissed Phicom’s challenges against three of the patents-at-issue, and has but did not rule on the fourth. Phicom has appealed the dismissals of the challenges. Other third parties have initiated challenges in foreign patent offices against other Company patents. The Company does not have a monetary damages exposure in these various invalidity proceedings.
      On March 4, 2005, the Company filed a patent infringement lawsuit in federal district court in Oregon against Phicom charging that it is willfully infringing four U.S. patents that cover key aspects of the Company’s wafer probe cards. The complaint in this action alleges that Phicom has incorporated FormFactor proprietary technology into its products and seeks both injunctive relief and monetary damages. The U.S. patents identified in the complaint are U.S. Patent No. 5,974,662, entitled “Method of Planarizing Tips of Probe Elements of a Probe Card Assembly”, U.S. Patent No. 6,246,247, entitled “Probe Card Assembly and Kit, and Methods of Using Same”, U.S. Patent No. 6,624,648, entitled “Probe Card Assembly” and U.S. Patent No. 5,994,152, entitled “Fabricating Interconnects and Tips Using Sacrificial Substrates”. As of the date of this Annual Report, Phicom had not responded to this complaint.
      The Company could incur material expenses in these litigations.
      From time to time, the Company may become involved in litigation relating to additional claims arising from the ordinary course of business. Other than previously disclosed, management of the Company is not currently aware of any matters that will have a material adverse affect on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.
  Note 7 — Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock:
      Upon the closing of the Company’s initial public offering in June 2003, all outstanding shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock converted into an equal number of shares of common stock.
      Prior to our initial public offering in June 2003, holders of redeemable convertible preferred stock Series B-G and Series A were entitled to cumulative dividends and non-cumulative dividends, respectively, which were payable when and as declared by the Board of Directors. No dividends on common stock could be paid until all dividends on the redeemable convertible preferred stock were paid. Also, the holders of redeemable convertible preferred stock were entitled to participate on an as converted basis in any dividends paid on common stock.

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 8 — Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit):
Preferred Stock
      The Company has authorized 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, $0.001 par value, none of which is issued and outstanding. The Company’s Board of Directors shall determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of the preferred stock, including dividends rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences, sinking fund terms and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of any series.
Common Stock
      Each share of common stock has the right to one vote. The holders of common stock are also entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the Board of Directors, subject to the prior rights of holders of all classes of stock outstanding having priority rights as to dividends. No dividends have been declared or paid as of December 25, 2004.
      During fiscal 2002, the Company issued fully vested unrestricted common stock in exchange for goods or services from non-employees. The Company believes that the fair value of the common stock is more reliably measurable than the fair value of the consideration received. The Company has measured these transactions using the fair value of the unrestricted common stock at the time of issuance and has recognized the related expenses immediately.
Warrants
      In September 2000, the Company entered into a seven year technology license agreement to transfer technology to a related party. In connection with the license agreement, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 45,500 shares of Series F redeemable convertible preferred stock, now common stock, at an exercise price of $11.00 per share. The warrant was fully vested upon grant and nonforfeitable. This warrant is exercisable on September 22, 2005 and would have become exercisable earlier with respect to 22,750 shares on March 22, 2003 if, on or before that date, the warrant holder had achieved specified commercial milestones. Further, the warrant will become exercisable immediately with respect to all 45,500 shares if the warrant holder has achieved certain higher commercial milestones. As of December 25, 2004, no shares are exercisable. This warrant expires upon the earlier of September 23, 2005 or immediately prior to an acquisition of the Company. The Company reserved 45,500 shares of common stock in the event of exercise. The fair value of this warrant, estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes model, of $306,220 has been capitalized as an other asset, and is being amortized against revenue using the straight-line method over the expected life of the technology of five years. The assumptions used in the calculation were: dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 67%; an expected term of 5 years; risk free interest rate of 6.00%.
Stock Option Plans
      The Company has reserved shares of common stock for issuance under the 1996 Stock Option Plan, Incentive Option Plan and Management Incentive Option Plan (the “Plans”). Under all Plans, the Board of Directors may issue incentive stock options to employees and nonqualified stock options and stock purchase rights to consultants or employees of the Company. The Board of Directors has the authority to determine to whom options will be granted, the number of shares, the term and exercise price (which cannot be less than fair market value at date of grant for incentive stock options or 85% of fair market value for nonqualified stock options). If an employee owns stock representing more than 10% of the outstanding shares, the price of each share shall be at least 110% of the fair market value, as determined by the Board of Directors. Generally, all options are immediately exercisable and vest 25% on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and on a monthly basis thereafter for a period of an additional three years. The options have a maximum term

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
of ten years. Unvested option exercises are subject to repurchase upon termination of the holder’s status as an employee or consultant. At December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004, 154,811 shares of common stock and 33,895 shares of common stock, respectively, were subject to the Company’s right of repurchase.
      On April 18, 2002, the Board of Directors adopted the 2002 Equity Incentive Plan (“2002 Plan”), which became effective upon the effective date of the initial public offering of the Company’s common stock. The 2002 Plan provides for the grant of both incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options, restricted stock and stock bonuses. The incentive stock options may be granted to the employees and the nonqualified stock options, and all awards other than incentive stock options, may be granted to employees, officers, directors and consultants. The exercise price of incentive stock options must be at least equal to the fair market value of common stock on the date of grant. The exercise price of incentive stock options granted to 10% stockholders must be at least equal to 110% of the fair market value of common stock on the date of grant and vest over 5 years. Options granted under the 2002 Plan are exercisable as determined by the Board of Directors, and generally expire ten years from date of grant. The Company has reserved 500,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2002 Plan plus any shares which have been reserved but not issued under the Company’s existing Plans, plus any shares repurchased at the original purchase price and any options which expire, thereafter. With the effectiveness of the 2002 Plan, the Company will not grant any options under the 1996 Stock Option Plan, the Incentive Option Plan and the Management Incentive Option Plan. In addition, on each January 1, the number of shares available for issuance under the 2002 Plan will be increased by an amount equal to 5.0% of the outstanding shares of common stock on the preceding day.
      Activity under the Plans and the 2002 Plan is set forth below (in thousands, except share and per share data):
                                         
        Outstanding Options and Awards
         
            Weighted
            Average
    Shares   Number of       Aggregate   Exercise
    Available   Shares   Exercise Price   Price   Price
                     
Balances, December 29, 2001
    1,497,935       4,162,454     $ 0.10-6.50     $ 21,221     $ 5.10  
Additional shares reserved
    3,500,000                          
Options granted
    (1,999,243 )     1,999,243       6.50-8.00       13,364       6.68  
Options exercised
          (223,113 )     0.10-6.50       (1,070 )     4.79  
Options canceled
    234,559       (234,559 )     1.50-8.00       (1,390 )     5.93  
                               
Balances, December 28, 2002
    3,233,251       5,704,025       0.10-8.00       32,125       5.63  
Additional shares reserved
    500,000                          
Options granted
    (1,807,547 )     1,807,547       6.50-26.07       29,571       16.36  
Options exercised
          (425,653 )     0.10-9.00       (1,655 )     3.89  
Options canceled
    399,996       (399,996 )     2.50-19.50       (2,575 )     6.44  
                               
Balances, December 27, 2003
    2,325,700       6,685,923       0.10-26.07       57,466       8.60  
Additional shares reserved
    1,840,502                          
Options granted
    (1,287,325 )     1,287,325       17.06-27.16       26,674       20.72  
Restricted stock granted
    (38,432 )                        
Options exercised
          (1,789,495 )     0.17-20.49       (10,392 )     5.80  
Options canceled
    361,007       (361,007 )     3.25-21.84       (4,560 )     12.63  
                               
Balances, December 25, 2004
    3,201,452       5,822,746     $ 0.10-$27.16     $ 69,188     $ 11.88  
                               
      The number of options outstanding and vested at December 25, 2004 was 1,893,540 shares.

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
      The options outstanding and vested by exercise price at December 25, 2004 are as follows:
                                         
    Options Outstanding   Options Vested
         
        Weighted        
        Average   Weighted       Weighted
    Number of   Remaining   Average       Average
    Options   Contractual   Exercise   Number   Exercise
Range of Exercise Prices   Outstanding   Life in Years   Price   Vested   Price
                     
$0.10
    15,000       0.41     $ 0.10       15,000     $ 0.10  
$0.50
    500       2.85       0.50       500       0.50  
$0.80
    22,336       2.99       0.80       22,336       0.80  
$1.25
    8,060       3.30       1.25       8,060       1.25  
$1.50
    1,350       3.87       1.50       1,350       1.50  
$2.50
    10,675       4.21       2.50       10,675       2.50  
$3.25
    284,673       4.46       3.25       284,673       3.25  
$3.75
    632       4.57       3.75       632       3.75  
$4.25
    1,184       4.75       4.25       1,184       4.25  
$5.50
    396,345       5.70       5.50       396,345       5.50  
$6.00
    245,269       6.11       6.00       222,417       6.00  
$6.50
    1,975,603       7.16       6.50       418,332       6.50  
$7.50 — $8.00
    134,636       7.38       7.89       57,848       7.87  
$9.00
    240,672       8.39       9.00       64,323       9.00  
$14.00
    276,448       8.46       14.00       276,448       14.00  
$17.06 — $18.45
    385,535       9.47       17.76       16,494       17.76  
$18.55 — $19.50
    1,003,444       8.75       19.39       70,921       19.17  
$19.74 — $20.49
    425,684       9,47       20.05       16,789       20.18  
$20.64 — $24.49
    101,500       9,33       21.74       2,291       22.00  
$24.93 — $26.02
    256,000       9,82       25.95       6,319       25.43  
$26.07 — $27.16
    37,200       9.92       26.96       603       26.28  
                               
      5,822,746       7.73     $ 11.88       1,893,540     $ 7.57  
                               
Deferred stock-based compensation
      During fiscal 2001 and fiscal 2002, and through the Company’s initial public offering in June 2003, the Company issued options to certain employees under the Plan with exercise prices below the deemed fair market value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant. In accordance with the requirements of APB No. 25, the Company has recorded deferred stock-based compensation for the difference between the exercise price of the stock option and the deemed fair market value of the Company’s stock at the grant. This deferred stock-based compensation is being amortized to expense on a straight-line basis from the date of grant through the vesting period, generally four years to five years. During the years ended December 28, 2002, December 27, 2003, and December 25, 2004, the Company has recorded deferred stock-based compensation (cancellation), related to these options in the amounts of $9,153,000, $282,000 and $(830,000) respectively, of which $2,465,000, $3,162,000 and $2,639,000 had been amortized to expense during fiscal 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively.

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Restricted Stock Units
      During fiscal 2004, the Company issued 38,432 shares of restricted stock to its new president as part of his initial compensation package. The closing market price of the Company’s common stock was $26.02 per share on the date of grant. The restricted stock units vest in four equal installments on January 1 of each of 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009. The Company recorded an aggregate of $1.0 million in deferred stock-based compensation which will be amortized as compensation expense over the vesting period. The Company recognized $20,000 in stock-based compensation expense in fiscal 2004 related to restricted stock.
2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
      On April 18, 2002, the Board of Directors approved the 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2002 ESPP”). The 2002 ESPP is designed to enable eligible employees to purchase shares of common stock at a discount on a periodic basis through payroll deductions or through a single lump sum cash payment in the case of the first offering period. Except for the first offering period which had a seven-month duration, each offering period is be for two years and consists of four six-month purchase periods. The price of the common stock purchased is 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the common stock on the first day of the applicable offering period or the last day of each purchase period. 1,500,000 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance under the 2002 ESPP and will be increased on each January 1 by an amount equal to 1.0% of the outstanding shares of common stock on the preceding day. No shares had been purchased under the 2002 ESPP as of December 27, 2003. As of December 25, 2004 287,236 shares had been purchased under this program at a weighted average purchase price of $11.87.
Notes receivable
      In fiscal 2000 and 2001, the Company received full recourse notes receivable from certain employees in exchange for common stock. The notes bear interest at the applicable market interest rate, ranging from 4.46% to 6.60%, and have due dates through May 2007. Under the terms of the full recourse notes receivable, the Company may proceed against any assets of the holder of the notes, or against the collateral securing the notes, or both, in event of default. The notes are collateralized by the underlying shares of common stock. As of December 25, 2004, the notes receivable had been fully paid.
Note 9 — Income Taxes:
      The components of income (loss) before income taxes were as follows (in thousands):
                         
    Years Ended
     
    December 28,   December 27,   December 25,
    2002   2003   2004
             
U.S. 
  $ 7,013     $ 13,025     $ 39,642  
Foreign
    (1,205 )     (861 )     (579 )
                   
    $ 5,808     $ 12,164     $ 39,063  
                   

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
      The components of the (provision) benefit for income taxes are as follows (in thousands):
                           
    Years Ended
     
    December 28,   December 27,   December 25,
    2002   2003   2004
             
Current:
                       
 
Federal
  $ (385 )   $ (3,031 )   $ (15,876 )
 
State
    14       (2 )     (1,887 )
 
Foreign
    (143 )     (158 )     (252 )
                   
      (514 )     (3,191 )     (18,015 )
                   
Deferred:
                       
 
Federal
    2,457       (1,085 )     3,679  
 
State
    1,615       (373 )     451  
                   
      4,072       (1,458 )     4,130  
                   
Benefit (provision) for income taxes
  $ 3,558     $ (4,649 )   $ (13,885 )
                   
      At December 25, 2004, the Company had research credit carryforwards of approximately $1,024,000 for state income tax purposes. The state research credit can be carried forward indefinitely.
      Under the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, and similar state provisions, certain substantial changes in the Company’s ownership could result in an annual limitation on the amount of state credit and state net operating loss carryforwards that can be utilized in future years to offset future taxable income. Annual limitations may result in the expiration of net operating loss and credit carryforwards before they are used.
      Components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets are as follows (in thousands):
                 
    December 27,   December 25,
    2003   2004
         
Net operating losses
  $ 38     $  
Tax credits
    845       1,024  
Depreciation and amortization
    (59 )     (855 )
Non-statutory stock options
    1,052       1,403  
Inventory reserve
    1,658       4,985  
Other reserves and accruals
    493       1,600  
             
    $ 4,027     $ 8,157  
             
      Management periodically evaluates the recoverability of the deferred tax assets and recognizes the tax benefit only as reassessment demonstrates that they are realizable. At such time, if it is determined that it is more likely than not that all U.S. deferred tax assets are realizable, the valuation allowance will be adjusted. As of December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004, the Company has not provided a valuation allowance because it believes it is more likely than not that all deferred tax assets will be realized in the foreseeable future.
      Tax benefits of $8,556,000, $1,668,000 and none in fiscal 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, associated with the exercise of employee stock options and other employee stock programs were allocated to stockholders’ equity.

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
      The items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate and the (provision) benefit for income taxes consisted of:
                         
    Years Ended
     
    December 28,   December 27,   December 25,
    2002   2003   2004
             
Federal statutory rate
  $ (1,975 )   $ (4,257 )   $ (13,672 )
State income tax, net of credits and federal benefit
    (99 )     (365 )     (1,164 )
Non-deductible deferred stock-based compensation
    (476 )     (535 )     (255 )
Foreign earnings taxed at a different rate
    (561 )     53       (165 )
Foreign losses not utilized
    (2,619 )     (396 )     (213 )
Extraterritorial income exclusion
    192       535       839  
Tax credits
    343       328       543  
Tax exempt interest
                617  
Permanent items and others
    (308 )     (12 )     (415 )
Change in valuation allowance
    9,061              
                   
Total
  $ 3,558     $ (4,649 )   $ (13,885 )
                   
Note 10 — Employee Benefit Plan:
      In 1996, the Company adopted a retirement plan which is qualified under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Eligible employees may make voluntary contributions to the retirement plan of up to 25% of their annual compensation, not to exceed the statutory amount, and the Company may make matching contributions. The Company made no contributions to the retirement plan in fiscal 2002 and 2003. The Company recorded expenses for matching contributions for fiscal 2004 of $128,000.
      The Company provides a tax-qualified profit sharing retirement plan for the benefit of eligible employees in the U.S. This defined contribution plan is designed to provide employees with an accumulation of funds for retirement on a tax-deferred basis and provide for annual discretionary employer contributions. The Company expensed $1,092,000 for the qualified U.S. profit sharing retirement plan in fiscal 2004.
Note 11 — Operating Segment and Geographic Information:
      The Company operates in one segment regarding the design, development, manufacture, sale and support of precision, high performance advanced semiconductor wafer probe cards. In accordance with SFAS No. 131 (“SFAS No. 131”), “Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” the Company’s chief operating decision-maker have been identified as the Chief Executive Officer and the President, who review operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire company. Since the Company operates in one segment and in one group of similar products and services, all financial segment and product line information required by SFAS No. 131 can be found in the consolidated financial statements.
      Geographic revenue information for the three years ended December 25, 2004 is based on the invoicing location of the customer. Property and equipment information is based on the physical location of the assets at the end of each of the fiscal years.

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
      The following table summarizes revenue by geographic region based upon invoicing location:
                           
    Years Ended
     
    December 28,   December 27,   December 25,
    2002   2003   2004
             
United States
    55.6 %     50.1 %     35.8 %
Taiwan
    20.9       13.5       20.0  
Japan
    7.1       20.1       25.5  
Asia (excluding Japan and Taiwan)
    0.9       6.0       5.4  
Europe
    15.5       10.3       13.3  
                   
 
Total
    100.0 %     100.0 %     100.0 %
                   
      Net property and equipment by country was a follows (in thousands):
                 
    Years Ended
     
    December 27,   December 25,
    2003   2004
         
United States
  $ 21,744     $ 58,246  
Japan
    35       676  
Asia (excluding Japan)
    434       306  
Europe
    353       128  
             
Total property and equipment, net
  $ 22,566     $ 59,356  
             
      Revenues to Intel Corporation represented 26.9% of the Company’s fiscal 2002 revenues, 30.1% of fiscal 2003 revenues and 14.5% of fiscal 2004 revenues. Revenues to Spirox Corporation represented 20.9% of the Company’s fiscal 2002 revenues, 13.4% of fiscal 2003 revenues and 20.0% of fiscal 2004 revenues. Revenues to Infineon Technologies AG represented 20.1% of the Company’s fiscal 2002 revenues, 10.3% of fiscal 2003 revenues and 11.6% of fiscal 2004 revenues. Elpida represented 12.4% of the Company’s fiscal 2003 revenues and 18.7% of fiscal 2004 revenues. No other customer represented greater than 10% of the Company’s revenues in fiscal 2002, 2003 and 2004.
Note 12 — Related Party Transactions:
      The Company provided services or sold products to related parties, who are also stockholders of the Company’s common stock. For the years ended December  28, 2002 and December 27, 2003 revenue recognized from these related parties was $50,639,000 and 42,676,000, respectively. At December  27, 2003, the Company had accounts receivable of $3,707,752 from these related parties. There were no such transactions with related parties as of December 25, 2004.
      The Company purchased inventories from related parties, and paid commissions to related parties, who are also stockholders of the Company’s common stock. For the years ended December 28, 2002, December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004, transactions with these related parties were $9,767,000, $13,155,000 and 24,227,000, respectively. At December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004, the Company had accounts payable of $2,627,000 and $3,764,000, respectively, to these related parties.
      In July 2003, the Company purchased approximately $3,151,000 of manufacturing equipment from a company where one of the members of the Company’s Board of Directors was also an officer of that company. This transaction was negotiated at arms length and the supplier was selected after a comprehensive, competitive bidding process. As of December 27, 2003 the Company had no unpaid amounts with respect to this equipment purchase.

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FORMFACTOR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 13 — Restatement of Financial Statements:
      On July 20, 2004, the Company restated its financial results for fiscal years 2001, 2002, 2003 and the three months ended March 27, 2004 to reflect an adjustment to the amortization schedule of deferred stock-based compensation recorded in connection with its June 2003 initial public offering. In connection with this adjustment, the Company reclassified a portion of the stock-based compensation expense from operating expenses to cost of revenues and has revised its provision for income taxes accordingly. The aggregate amount of deferred stock-based compensation initially recorded remained unchanged.
      The adjustment to the amortization schedule related to pre-IPO “refresh” stock option grants issued in 2001 and 2002. These option grants were designed to add an additional year on to the vesting period of the employees’ existing option grant. This provides employees’ with consistent option compensation following full vesting of their original option grants, which generally occurs four years after grant. In connection with its IPO, the Company recorded $8.3 million of deferred stock-based compensation for these “refresh” grants to be amortized over their future one year vesting period. During the second quarter of 2004, the Company’s independent auditors indicated that deferred stock based compensation relating to these “refresh” grants should have been amortized from the date of grant through the vesting period rather than during the vesting period. At the recommendation of its audit committee, the Company disclosed the matter to the SEC, Office of the Chief Accountant, to report and confirm that the amortization should begin from the grant date. The adjustment resulted in higher stock based compensation expense for the years fiscal 2001 through fiscal 2004, and lower stock-based compensation expense in fiscal 2005 through fiscal 2007 related to these “refresh” grants.
      The periods affected by the restatement included fiscal years ended December 29, 2001, December 28, 2002, December 27, 2003 and the three months ended March 27, 2004. The restatement had no impact on the Company’s net cash flows from operating activities or on the Company’s cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the periods restated.
      On November 30, 2004, the Company restated its financial results for fiscal years 2001, 2002 and 2003 and the three months ended March 27, 2004, June 26, 2004 and September 25, 2004, to reflect an adjustment to its calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders. The restatement did not affect the Company’s reported net income or its balance sheet or cash flow statements for any period. The Company did not previously reflect the impact of cumulative dividend rights and participating dividend rights of its redeemable convertible preferred stock in its calculation for either basic or diluted net income (loss) available to common stockholders per share has adjusted its calculations according to SFAS No. 128 “Earnings Per Share” and EITF Topic D-95, “Effect of Participating Convertible Securities on the Computation of Basic Earnings per Share”.
Note 14 — Subsequent Events:
      On February 15, 2005, the Company approved the grant of options to purchase 579,620 shares of common stock under the Plans at an exercise price of $23.56 per share.

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SCHEDULE II
FORMFACTOR, INC.
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
For the Years Ended December 28, 2002, December 27, 2003 and December 25, 2004
                                   
    Balance at           Balance
    Beginning           at End of
Description   of Year   Additions   Deductions   Year
                 
    (In thousands)
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable
                               
 
Year ended December 28, 2002
  $ 414     $ 165     $ 326     $ 253  
 
Year ended December 27, 2003
  $ 253     $     $ 150     $ 103  
 
Year ended December 25, 2004
  $ 103     $     $ 62     $ 41  
Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory
                               
 
Year ended December 28, 2002
  $ 8,616     $ 1,279     $ 2,436     $ 7,459  
 
Year ended December 27, 2003
  $ 7,459     $ 1,959     $     $ 9,418  
 
Year ended December 25, 2004
  $ 9,418     $ 4,462     $ 994     $ 12,886  
Allowance against deferred tax assets
                               
 
Year ended December 28, 2002
  $ 9,061     $     $ 9,061     $  
 
Year ended December 27, 2003
  $     $  —     $     $  
 
Year ended December 25, 2004
  $     $  —     $     $  

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS
      Set forth below is a list of exhibits that are being filed or incorporated by reference into this Report on Form 10-K:
                                                 
        Incorporated by Reference        
                 
Exhibit           Date of   Exhibit   Filed
Number   Exhibit Description   Form   File No.   First Filing   Number   Herewith
                         
  3 .01   Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on June 17, 2003.     S-1       333-109815       10/20/03       3.01          
  3 .02   Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant.     S-1       333-109815       10/20/03       3.02          
  4 .01   Specimen Common Stock Certificate.     S-1/A       333-86738       5/28/02       4.01          
 
  4 .02   Sixth Amended and Restated Rights Agreement by and among the Registrant and certain stockholders of the Registrant dated July 13, 2001.     S-1       333-86738       4/22/02       4.02          
 
  4 .03   Stockholders Agreement by and among the Registrant, Dr. Igor Y. Khandros, Susan Bloch and Richard Hoffman dated February 9, 1994.     S-1       333-86738       4/22/02       4.03          
 
  4 .04   Stockholders Agreement by and among the Registrant, Dr. Igor Y. Khandros, Susan Bloch and Milton Ohring dated April 11, 1994.     S-1       333-86738       4/22/02       4.04          
 
  4 .05   Stockholders Agreement by and among the Registrant, Dr. Igor Y. Khandros, Susan Bloch and Benjamin Eldridge dated August 12, 1994.     S-1       333-86738       4/22/02       4.05          
 
  4 .06   Stockholders Agreement by and among the Registrant, Dr. Igor Y. Khandros, Susan Bloch and Charles Baxley, P.C. dated September 8, 1994.     S-1       333-86738       4/22/02       4.06          
 
  10 .01   Form of Indemnity Agreement.     S-1/A       333-86738       5/28/02       10.01          
 
  10 .02   1995 Stock Plan, and form of option grant.     S-1       333-86738       4/22/02       10.02          
 
  10 .03   1996 Stock Option Plan, and form of option grant.     S-1       333-86738       4/22/02       10.03          
 
  10 .04   Incentive Option Plan, and form of option grant.     S-1       333-86738       4/22/02       10.04          
 
  10 .05   Management Incentive Option Plan, and form of option grant.     S-1       333-86738       4/22/02       10.05          
 
  10 .06   2002 Equity Incentive Plan, and forms of option grant.     S-1/A       333-86738       6/10/03       10.06          
 
  10 .07   2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.     S-1/A       333-86738       6/10/03       10.07          
 
  10 .08   Key Management Bonus Plan (2003).     S-1/A       333-86738       6/10/03       10.08.1          
 
  10 .09   Sales Incentive Plan (first half 2003).     S-1/A       333-86738       6/10/03       10.09.1          

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        Incorporated by Reference        
                 
Exhibit           Date of   Exhibit   Filed
Number   Exhibit Description   Form   File No.   First Filing   Number   Herewith
                         
 
  10 .10   Sales Incentive Plan (second half 2003).     S-1       333-109815       10/20/03       10.10          
 
  10 .11*   Key Management Bonus Plan (2004).     10-K       000-50307       3/22/04       10.11          
 
  10 .12*   Sales Incentive Plan (first half 2004).     10-K       000-50307       3/22/04       10.12          
 
  10 .13   Employment Offer Letter dated October 29, 1998 to Yoshikazu Hatsukano.     S-1       333-86738       4/22/02       10.13          
 
  10 .14   Lease by and between Paul E. Iacono and the Registrant dated June 26, 1995.     S-1       333-86738       4/22/02       10.14          
 
  10 .15   First Option to Extend Lease Term by and between Paul E. Iacono and the Registrant dated October 4, 2002 for the Lease between the parties dated June 26, 1995.     S-1/A       333-86738       12/18/02       10.12.1          
 
  10 .16   Lease by and between Paul E. Iacono and the Registrant dated April 12, 1996.     S-1       333-86738       4/22/02       10.13          
 
  10 .17   First Option to Extend Lease Term by and between Paul E. Iacono and the Registrant dated October 4, 2002 for the Lease between the parties dated April 12, 1996.     S-1/A       333-86738       12/18/02       10.13.1          
 
  10 .18   Lease by and between Paul E. Iacono and the Registrant dated November 20, 1996.     S-1       333-86738       4/22/02       10.14          
 
  10 .19   First Option to Extend Lease Term by and between Paul E. Iacono and the Registrant dated October 4, 2002 for the Lease between the parties dated November 20, 1996.     S-1/A       333-86738       12/18/02       10.14.1          
 
  10 .20   Lease by and between Paul E. Iacono and the Registrant dated April 24, 1997.     S-1       333-86738       4/22/02       10.15          
 
  10 .21   First Option to Extend Lease Term by and between Paul E. Iacono and the Registrant dated October 4, 2002 for the Lease between the parties dated April 24, 1997.     S-1/A       333-86738       12/18/02       10.15.1          
 
  10 .22   Lease by and between Richard K. and Pamela K. Corbett, Robert and Cheryl Rumberger, Connie Duke and the Registrant dated March 12, 1998.     S-1       333-86738       4/22/02       10.16          

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        Incorporated by Reference        
                 
Exhibit           Date of   Exhibit   Filed
Number   Exhibit Description   Form   File No.   First Filing   Number   Herewith
                         
 
  10 .23   First Amendment to Standard Industrial/ Single Tenant Lease — Net by and between Richard K. Corbett and Pamela K. Corbett, Robert Rumberger and Cheryl Rumberger, and the Registrant dated April 30, 2003.     S-1/A       333-86738       5/21/03       10.16.1          
 
  10 .24   Lease by and between L One and the Registrant dated March 25, 1998.     S-1       333-86738       4/22/02       10.17          
 
  10 .25   Pacific Corporate Center Lease by and between Greenville Investors, L.P. and the Registrant dated May 3, 2001.     S-1/A       333-86738       6/10/03       10.18          
 
  10 .26   First Amendment to Pacific Corporate Center Lease by and between Greenville Investors, L.P. and the Registrant dated January 31, 2003.     S-1/A       333-86738       5/07/03       10.18.1          
 
  10 .27   Pacific Corporate Center Lease by and between Greenville Investors, L.P. and the Registrant dated May 3, 2001.     S-1/A       333-86738       6/10/03       10.19          
 
  10 .28   First Amendment to Pacific Corporate Center Lease by and between Greenville Investors, L.P. and the Registrant dated January 31, 2003.     S-1/A       333-86738       5/07/03       10.19.1          
 
  10 .29   Pacific Corporate Center Lease by and between Greenville Investors, L.P. and the Registrant dated May 3, 2001.     S-1/A       333-86738       6/10/03       10.20          
 
  10 .30   First Amendment to Pacific Corporate Center Lease by and between Greenville Investors, L.P. and the Registrant dated January 31, 2003.     S-1/A       333-86738       5/07/03       10.20.1          
 
  10 .31   Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement by and between Comerica Bank — California and the Registrant dated February 21, 2003.     S-1/A       333-86738       5/07/03       10.29          
 
  10 .32   Basic Purchase Agreement by and among Infineon Technologies Aktiengesellschaft, Whiteoak Semiconductor Partnership, Promos Technologies Inc. and the Registrant dated July 9, 1999.     S-1/A       333-86738       6/10/03       10.22          
 
  10 .33   Letter Agreement by and between Infineon Technologies Aktiengesellschaft and the Registrant dated July 19, 2002.     S-1/A       333-86738       5/07/03       10.22.1          

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        Incorporated by Reference        
                 
Exhibit           Date of   Exhibit   Filed
Number   Exhibit Description   Form   File No.   First Filing   Number   Herewith
                         
 
  10 .34   Letter Agreement by and between Infineon Technologies Aktiengesellschaft and the Registrant dated July 1, 2003.     S-1       333-109815       10/20/03       10.22.2          
 
  10 .35   Letter Agreement by and between Infineon Technologies Aktiengesellschaft and the Registrant dated December 10, 2003.     10-K       000-50307       3/22/04       10.35          
 
  10 .36   Authorized International Distributor Agreement by and between Spirox Corporation and the Registrant dated June 1, 2000.     S-1/A       333-86738       6/10/03       10.23          
 
  10 .37   Amendment No. 1 to Authorized International Distributor Agreement by and between Spirox Corporation and the Registrant dated July 1, 2003.     S-1       333-109815       10/20/03       10.23.1          
 
  10 .38   Probecard Purchase Agreement by and between Samsung Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. and the Registrant dated November 22, 2000.     S-1/A       333-86738       6/10/03       10.24          
 
  10 .39   Agreement by and between Samsung Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. and the Registrant dated October 31, 2001,Agreement by and between Samsung Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. and the Registrant dated January 10, 2002,and Agreement by and between Samsung Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. and the Registrant dated January 22, 2003.     S-1/A       333-86738       6/10/03       10.24.1          
 
  10 .40   Intel Corporation Purchase Agreement — Capital Equipment and Services by and between Intel Corporation and the Registrant dated January 8, 2001, and as amended on January 22, 2001, on March 1, 2001,and on April 1, 2001.     S-1/A       333-86738       6/10/03       10.25          
 
  10 .41   Amendment to Intel Corporation Purchase Agreement by and between Intel Corporation and the Registrant dated May 22, 2002.     S-1/A       333-86738       5/07/03       10.25.1          
 
  10 .42   Amendment to Intel Corporation Purchase Agreement by and between Intel Corporation and the Registrant dated June 30, 2002.     S-1       333-109815       10/20/03       10.25.2          
 
  10 .43   Production and Development Materials and Services Purchase Agreement by and between Harbor Electronics and the Registrant dated April 17, 2002.     S-1/A       333-86738       6/10/03       10.27          

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        Incorporated by Reference        
                 
Exhibit           Date of   Exhibit   Filed
Number   Exhibit Description   Form   File No.   First Filing   Number   Herewith
                         
 
  10 .44   Production and Development Materials and Services Purchase Agreement by and between NTK Technologies and the Registrant dated June 25, 2002.     S-1/A       333-86738       6/10/03       10.28          
 
  10 .45*   Probe Card Purchase Agreement by and between Elpida Memory, Inc. and the Registrant dated April 1, 2002 and Agreement by and between Elpida Memory, Inc. and the Registrant dated August 18, 2003.     10-K       000-50307       3/22/04       10.45          
 
  10 .46   Written description of material definitive agreement to increase director compensation entered into on February 16, 2005.     8-K       000-50307       2/16/05                
 
  10 .47   Intel Agreement Amendment V.                             X  
 
  10 .48   Form of Change of Control Severance Agreement.                             X  
 
  10 .49   Joseph Bronson offer letter.                             X  
 
  10 .50   Ronald Foster offer letter.                             X  
 
  21 .01   List of Registrants’s subsidiaries.     S-1       333-86738       4/22/02       21.01          
 
  23 .01   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.                             X  
 
  31 .01   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 7241, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.                             X  
 
  31 .02   Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 7241, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.                             X  
  32 .01**   Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.                             X  
 
  Confidential treatment has been requested for portions of this exhibit. These portions have been omitted from this Form 10-K and have been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
**  This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any filings.

83

exv10w47
 

Exhibit 10.47

AMENDMENT “V” TO THE

CAPITAL EQUIPMENT AND SERVICE AGREEMENT

between

INTEL CORPORATION

and

FORMFACTOR INC.

INTEL AGREEMENT NUMBER C-05673

Amendment Effective Date: 1/08/2005

WHEREAS, Intel Corporation and FormFactor, Inc. (“Seller”), have entered into a Capital Equipment and Service Agreement, Intel Agreement No. C-05673 (hereinafter called “Agreement”) dated 1/8/01, as amended by Amendment(s) O dated 1-22-01, Amendment P dated 4-23-01, Amendment Q dated 9-3-01, Amendment R dated 2/4/02, Amendment S dated 6/30/03; Amendment T dated 1/8/04, and by Amendment U dated 9/1/04 and

WHEREAS, the parties wish to amend the Agreement to extend the Term of the Agreement through 7/8/2005 as forth in this Amendment “V”.

THEREFORE, for valuable consideration, the adequacy and receipt of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:

1.   PRE-ESTABLISHED TERMS

All Terms and conditions of the Agreement remain in full force and effect and apply to this Amendment, unless specifically modified below.

2.   AGREEMENT MODIFICATIONS

The parties agree to extend the Term of the Agreement, including all of the aforementioned amendments thereto, through July 8, 2005.

AGREED:

     
INTEL CORPORATION   FORMFACTOR, INC.
 
By: /s/ MIKE DICKEN
  By: /s/ PETER B. MATTHEWS
 
   

   
Mike Dicken
  Peter B. Mathews
 
   
(Printed Name)

  (Printed Name)
Commodity Manager
  VP — Worldwide Sales
 
   
(Title)

  (Title)
Dec 13th, 2004
  January 3rd, 2005
 
   
(Date)
  (Date)

exv10w48
 

Exhibit 10.48

FORMFACTOR, INC.

CHANGE OF CONTROL SEVERANCE AGREEMENT

     This Change of Control Severance Agreement (the “Agreement”) is made and entered into effective as of                      (the “Effective Date”), by and between                      (the “Employee”) and FormFactor, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”).

R E C I T A L S

     WHEREAS, the Company considers it essential to the best interests of its shareholders to foster the continuous employment of key management personnel;

     WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) recognizes that, as is the case with many publicly-held corporations, the possibility of a Change in Control (as defined below) exists and that such possibility, and the uncertainty and questions which it may raise among management, could result in the departure or distraction of management personnel to the detriment of the Company and its shareholders; and

     WHEREAS, the Board has determined that appropriate steps should be taken to reinforce and encourage the continued attention and dedication of members of the Company’s management, including the Employee, to their assigned duties without distraction in light of the possibility of a Change in Control;

     NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants herein contained, the Company and the Employee hereby agree as follows.

ARTICLES

     1. Definitions. The following terms referred to in this Agreement shall have the following meanings.

     “Cause” shall mean (i) any act of personal dishonesty taken by the Employee in connection with his or her responsibilities as an employee which is intended to result in substantial personal enrichment of the Employee and is reasonably likely to result in material harm to the Company, (ii) the Employee’s conviction of a felony, (iii) a willful act by the Employee which constitutes misconduct and is materially injurious to the Company, or (iv) continued willful violations by the Employee of the Employee’s obligations to the Company after the Employee has received a written demand for performance from the Company which describes the basis for the Company’s belief that the Employee has not substantially performed his or her duties.

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     “Change of Control” shall mean the first to occur of any of the following events after the date hereof:

     (i) the consummation of a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation, other than a merger or consolidation which would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into or exchanged for voting securities of the surviving entity) more than sixty percent (60%) of the total voting power represented by the voting securities of the Company or such surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation; or

     (ii) (A) any approval by the shareholders of the Company of a plan of complete liquidation of the Company, other than as a result of insolvency or (B) the consummation of the sale or disposition (or the last in a series of sales or dispositions) by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, other than a sale or disposition to a wholly-owned direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company and other than a sale or disposition which would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (by being converted into or exchanged for voting securities of the entity to which such sale or disposition was made) more than sixty percent (60%) of the total voting power represented by the voting securities of the entity to which such sale or disposition was made after such sale or disposition; or

     (iii) any “person” (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) becoming the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under said Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 40% or more of the total voting power represented by the Company’s then outstanding voting securities; or

     (iv) during any period of two consecutive years after the Effective Date, Incumbent Directors cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the Board.

     “Compensation Continuation Period” shall mean the period of time commencing with the date of the Employee’s Involuntary Termination at any time within twelve (12) months after a Change of Control and ending with the expiration of twelve (12) months following the date of the Employee’s Involuntary Termination.

     “Good Reason” shall mean the occurrence of any of the following: (i) without the Employee’s express written consent, a material reduction of the Employee’s duties, position or responsibilities relative to the Employee’s duties, position or responsibilities in effect immediately prior to the Change of Control; (ii) a reduction by the Company of the Employee’s base salary or bonus opportunity as in effect immediately prior to such reduction; (iii) a material reduction by the Company in the kind or level of employee benefits to which the Employee is entitled immediately prior to such reduction with the result that the Employee’s overall benefits package is materially reduced; (iv) without the

2


 

Employee’s express written consent, the relocation of the Employee to a facility or a location more than five (5) miles from his or her current facility and the new location is more than fifty (50) miles the Employee’s current residence; or (v) the failure of the Company to obtain the assumption of this Agreement by a successor.

     “Incumbent Directors” shall mean directors who either (A) are directors of the Company as of the Effective Date, or (B) are elected, or nominated for election, to the Board with the affirmative votes of at least a majority of those directors then still in office who either were directors on the Effective Date or whose election or nomination for election was so approved.

     “Involuntary Termination” shall mean a termination of the Employee by the Company without Cause or a resignation by the Employee within 90 days of any event constituting Good Reason.

        2. Term of Agreement. This Agreement shall be in effect for the period commencing on the Effective Date and ending on the third anniversary of the Effective Date provided that if a Change of Control shall have occurred during the term of this Agreement, this Agreement shall remain in effect to give effect to its provisions.

        3. At-Will Employment. The Company and the Employee acknowledge that the Employee’s employment is and shall continue to be at-will, as defined under applicable law. If the Employee’s employment terminates for any reason, the Employee shall not be entitled to any payments, benefits, damages, awards or compensation other than as provided by this Agreement, or as may otherwise be established under the Company’s then existing employee benefit plans or policies at the time of termination.

        4. Change of Control and Severance Benefits; Non-solicitation.

     (a) Involuntary Termination Following Change of Control. If the Employee’s employment with the Company terminates as a result of an Involuntary Termination at any time within twelve (12) months after a Change of Control, then the Employee shall be entitled to receive from the Company the following benefits, contingent upon the Employee’s execution of a release satisfactory to the Company.

     (i) Cash Severance Payments. Employee shall receive an aggregate amount (the “Severance Amount”) equal to one times the sum of (A) the Employee’s annual base salary in effect on the date of termination plus (B) the greater of (x) the Employee’s annual target bonus amount for the year of termination assuming a 100% payout on all objectives under the Company’s bonus plan in effect on the date of termination or (y) such annual target bonus amount times the average rate of annual bonus paid to each executive officer (compared to such officer’s target bonus) covered under a change of control severance agreement substantially similar to this Agreement averaged over the two most recently completed fiscal years preceding the date of termination. The Company shall pay the Severance Amount to the Employee in a lump sum promptly following an execution of a release by the Employee.

     (ii) Health Benefits Continuation. During the Compensation

3


 

Continuation Period, through COBRA or otherwise, the Company shall continue to make available to the Employee and Employee’s spouse and dependents covered under any group health plans of the Company on the date of such termination of employment, all group health insurance plans in which Employee or such Covered Dependents participate on the date of the Employee’s termination at the same cost to the Employee as the Employee paid for such benefits prior to termination of employment. To the extent the Company cannot continue to provide such benefits through COBRA or otherwise, it will pay the Employee an amount that would be sufficient to enable the Employee to purchase such benefits from a third party at the same cost to the Employee on an after-tax basis as the Employee paid for such benefits prior to the termination of employment.

     (iii) Forfeiture upon Breach of Covenants. Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, if the Employee breaches his or her obligations under paragraph (e) or (f) of this Article 4, from and after the date of such breach, (x) the Employee will no longer be entitled to, and the Company will no longer be obligated to pay, any remaining unpaid portion of the Severance Amount and (y) the Employee will no longer be entitled to, and the Company will no longer be obligated to make available to Employee or Employee’s spouse or dependents, any group health insurance plans or any payment in respect of such plans to the extent the Company cannot continue to provide such benefits.

     (iv) Equity Acceleration. The vesting and exercisability of each option, restricted stock award, restricted stock unit or other stock based award (each, a “Stock Award”) shall be automatically accelerated in full and the forfeiture provisions and/or Company right of repurchase of each Stock Award shall automatically lapse in full. If this clause (iv) would subject the Stock Awards to Section 409A of the Code (as defined below), the Company and the Employee will cooperate to take any such action that the Company deems appropriate to put the Employee in the same position as if Section 409A of the Code did not apply. In no event shall the Stock Awards be amended to reflect this clause (iv) unless and until there has been an Involuntary Termination after a Change of Control.

        (b) Other Termination in Connection with a Change of Control. If the Employee’s employment with the Company terminates other than as a result of an Involuntary Termination at any time within twelve (12) months after a Change of Control, then the Employee shall not be entitled to receive the Severance Amount or other benefits hereunder, but may be eligible for those benefits (if any) as may then be established under the Company’s then existing severance and benefits plans and policies.

        (c) Termination Apart from a Change of Control. If the Employee’s employment with the Company terminates for any or no reason other than within twelve (12) months following a Change of Control, then the Employee shall not be entitled to receive the Severance Amount or other benefits hereunder, but may be eligible for those benefits (if any) as may then be established under the Company’s then existing severance and benefits plans and policies at the time of such termination.

4


 

     (d) Accrued Wages and Vacation; Expenses. Without regard to the reason for, or the timing of, Employee’s termination of employment: (i) the Company shall pay the Employee any unpaid base salary due for periods prior to the date of termination; (ii) the Company shall pay the Employee all of the Employee’s accrued and unused vacation through the date of termination; and (iii) following submission of proper expense reports by the Employee, the Company shall reimburse the Employee for all expenses reasonably and necessarily incurred by the Employee in connection with the business of the Company prior to the date of termination. These payments shall be made promptly upon termination and within the period of time mandated by law.

     (e) Non-solicitation. In consideration of the benefits and protections conferred under this Agreement, Employee agrees that for the Non-solicit Period (as defined below), the Employee shall not either directly or indirectly solicit, induce, recruit or encourage any of the Company’s Personnel (as defined below) to leave their employment, or take away such Personnel, or attempt to solicit, induce, recruit, encourage or take away such Personnel, either for the Employee or for any other person or entity. “Personnel” means any of the Company’s employees and any former employees who have terminated their employment with the Company within six months of the date of the purported solicitation, in each case excluding the Employee’s administrative assistant. “Non-solicit Period” means the period commencing on the date of a Change of Control and ending immediately after the end of the Compensation Continuation Period.

     (f) Confidentiality. In consideration of the benefits and protections conferred under this Agreement, the Employee agrees that he or she will continue to abide by the confidentiality provisions in the Company’s Employment, Confidential Information and Invention Assignment Agreement, as executed by the Employee.

        5. Limitation on Benefits.

     (a) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, to the extent that the payments and benefits provided under this Agreement and benefits provided to, or for the benefit of, the Employee under any other employer plan or agreement (such payments or benefits are collectively referred to as the “Benefits”) would be subject to the excise tax (the “Excise Tax”) imposed under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the Benefits shall be reduced (but not below zero) if and to the extent that a reduction in the Benefits would result in Employee retaining a larger amount, on an after-tax basis (taking into account federal, state and local income taxes and the Excise Tax), than if Employee received all of the Benefits (such reduced amount is hereinafter referred to as the “Limited Benefit Amount”). Unless Employee shall have given prior written notice specifying a different order to the Company to effectuate the Limited Benefit Amount, the Company shall reduce or eliminate the Benefits, by first reducing or eliminating those payments or benefits which are not payable in cash and then by reducing or eliminating cash payments, in each case in reverse order beginning with payments or benefits which are to be paid the farthest in time from the “Determination” (as hereinafter defined). Any notice given by the Employee pursuant to the preceding sentence shall take precedence

5


 

over the provisions of any other plan, arrangement or agreement governing the Employee’s rights and entitlements to any benefits or compensation.

     (b) A determination as to whether the Benefits shall be reduced to the Limited Benefit Amount pursuant to this Agreement and the amount of such Limited Benefit Amount shall be made by the Company’s independent public accountants or another certified public accounting firm of national reputation designated by the Company (the “Accounting Firm”) at the Company’s expense. The Accounting Firm shall provide its determination (the “Determination”), together with detailed supporting calculations and documentation to the Company and Employee within five (5) days of the date of termination of Employee’s employment, if applicable, or such other time as requested by the Company or by Employee (provided Employee reasonably believes that any of the Benefits may be subject to the Excise Tax) and if the Accounting Firm determines that no Excise Tax is payable by Employee with respect to any Benefits, it shall furnish Employee with an opinion reasonably acceptable to Employee that no Excise Tax will be imposed with respect to any such Benefits. Within ten (10) days of the delivery of the Determination to the Employee, the Employee shall have the right to dispute the Determination (the “Dispute”). If there is no Dispute, the Determination shall be binding, final and conclusive upon the Company and the Employee.

        6. Successors.

     (a) Company’s Successors. Any successor to the Company (whether direct or indirect) to all or substantially all of the Company’s business and/or assets shall assume the Company’s obligations under this Agreement and agree expressly to perform the Company’s obligations under this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent as the Company would be required to perform such obligations in the absence of a succession. For all purposes under this Agreement, the term “Company” shall include any successor to the Company’s business and/or assets.

     (b) Employee’s Successors. Without the written consent of the Company, Employee shall not assign or transfer this Agreement or any right or obligation under this Agreement to any other person or entity. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the terms of this Agreement and all rights of Employee hereunder shall inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by, Employee’s personal or legal representatives, executors, administrators, successors, heirs, distributees, devisees and legatees.

        7. Notices.

     (a) General. Notices and all other communications contemplated by this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when personally delivered or when mailed by U.S. registered or certified mail, return receipt requested and postage prepaid. In the case of the Employee, mailed notices shall be addressed to him or her at the home address that he or she most recently communicated to the Company in writing. In the case of the Company, mailed notices shall be addressed to its corporate headquarters, and all notices shall be directed to the attention of its General Counsel, or to the Chief Financial Officer if the notice to the Company is from the

6


 

General Counsel.

     (b) Notice of Termination. Any termination by the Company or by the Employee shall be communicated by a notice of termination to the other party hereto given in accordance with this Article.

        8. Arbitration.

     (a) Any dispute or controversy arising out of, relating to, or in connection with this Agreement, or the interpretation, validity, construction, performance, breach, or termination thereof, shall be settled by binding arbitration to be held in San Francisco, California, in accordance with the National Rules for the Resolution of Employment Disputes then in effect of the American Arbitration Association (the “Rules”). The arbitrator(s) may grant injunctions or other relief in such dispute or controversy. The decision of the arbitrator shall be final, conclusive and binding on the parties to the arbitration. Judgment may be entered on the arbitrator’s decision in any court having jurisdiction.

     (b) The arbitrator(s) shall apply California law to the merits of any dispute or claim, without reference to conflicts of law rules. The arbitral proceedings shall be governed by federal arbitration law and by the Rules, without reference to state arbitration law. Employee hereby consents to the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located in California for any action or proceeding arising from or relating to this Agreement or relating to any arbitration in which the parties are participants.

     (c) EMPLOYEE HAS READ AND UNDERSTANDS THIS ARTICLE, WHICH DISCUSSES ARBITRATION. EMPLOYEE UNDERSTANDS THAT SUBMITTING ANY CLAIMS ARISING OUT OF, RELATING TO, OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT, OR THE INTERPRETATION, VALIDITY, CONSTRUCTION, PERFORMANCE, BREACH OR TERMINATION THEREOF TO BINDING ARBITRATION, CONSTITUTES A WAIVER OF EMPLOYEE’S RIGHT TO A JURY TRIAL AND RELATES TO THE RESOLUTION OF ALL DISPUTES RELATING TO ALL ASPECTS OF THE EMPLOYER/EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE FOLLOWING CLAIMS:

     (i) ANY AND ALL CLAIMS FOR WRONGFUL DISCHARGE OF EMPLOYMENT; BREACH OF CONTRACT, BOTH EXPRESS AND IMPLIED; BREACH OF THE COVENANT OF GOOD FAITH AND FAIR DEALING, BOTH EXPRESS AND IMPLIED; NEGLIGENT OR INTENTIONAL INFLICTION OF EMOTIONAL DISTRESS; NEGLIGENT OR INTENTIONAL MISREPRESENTATION; NEGLIGENT OR INTENTIONAL INTERFERENCE WITH CONTRACT OR PROSPECTIVE ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE; AND DEFAMATION.

     (ii) ANY AND ALL CLAIMS FOR VIOLATION OF ANY FEDERAL, STATE OR MUNICIPAL STATUTE, INCLUDING, BUT NOT

7


 

LIMITED TO, TITLE VII OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964, THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1991, THE AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT OF 1967, THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT OF 1990, THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT, THE CALIFORNIA FAIR EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSING ACT, AND LABOR CODE SECTION 201, et seq.;

     (iii) ANY AND ALL CLAIMS ARISING OUT OF ANY OTHER LAWS AND REGULATIONS RELATING TO EMPLOYMENT OR EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION.

        9. Miscellaneous Provisions.

     (a) No Duty to Mitigate. The Employee shall not be required to mitigate the amount of any payment contemplated by this Agreement, nor shall any such payment be reduced by any earnings that the Employee may receive from any other source.

     (b) Waiver. No provision of this Agreement may be modified, waived or discharged unless the modification, waiver or discharge is agreed to in writing and signed by the Employee and by an authorized officer of the Company other than the Employee. No waiver by either party of any breach of, or of compliance with, any condition or provision of this Agreement by the other party shall be considered a waiver of any other condition or provision or of the same condition or provision at another time.

     (c) Integration. This Agreement represents the entire agreement and understanding between the parties as to the subject matter herein and supersede all prior or contemporaneous agreements, whether written or oral.

     (d) Choice of Law. The validity, interpretation, construction and performance of this Agreement shall be governed by the internal substantive laws, but not the conflicts of law rules, of the State of California.

     (e) Severability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision hereof, which shall remain in full force and effect.

     (f) Withholding Taxes. All payments made pursuant to this Agreement shall be subject to withholding of applicable income and employment taxes.

[rest of page intentionally blank]

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     (g) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument.

        IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties has executed this Agreement, in the case of the Company by its duly authorized officer, as of the day and year first above written.

         
    FORMFACTOR, INC.
 
       
  By:    
     
 
       
   
    [Name of Employee]

9

exv10w49
 

Exhibit 10.49

[Letterhead of FormFactor, Inc.]

November 17, 2004

Joseph R. Bronson
6838 Rockview Ct.
San Jose, Ca. 95120

Dear Joe,

     We welcome the opportunity to offer you a salaried, exempt position with FormFactor, Inc. (the “Company”) as President and a member of the Office of the CEO, starting Wednesday, November 17, 2004. We look forward to having you join us at this exciting time for the Company.

     In your capacity as President, you will report to Igor Khandros, Chief Executive Officer, and will receive an annual salary of $300,000, which will be paid bi-weekly in accordance with, and subject to, the Company’s normal payroll procedures. You will also be eligible to participate in the annual Key Management Bonus Plan at a target rate of 100% of your earned annual salary. This bonus is conditioned upon the company’s performance and your individual achievement of objectives, and will be prorated based upon your start date through the end of the fiscal year.

     The Company will pay you a $20,000 bonus, which you will receive as a separate check included with your first paycheck. This number is a gross dollar figure. Please be aware you will be responsible for all personal income taxes related to this sign-on bonus. We advise that you consult your tax consultant on this matter.

     The Company will pay you a $3,000 per month housing allowance beginning when you start incurring expenses for housing in the local area and will continue as long as the housing expenses are incurred.

     As long as you remain a regular full-time employee of the Company, you are eligible to receive certain employee benefits that are offered to our regular full-time employees, which may from time to time change at the Company’s discretion. These currently include:

  -   Medical, Dental and Vision Insurance Benefits
 
  -   Short-Term and Long-Term Disability Insurance Coverage
 
  -   Group Life Insurance
 
  -   Paid Time-Off
 
  -   401k Plan with Company Match
 
  -   Section 125 Flex Spending Plan
 
  -   Employee Assistance Program
 
  -   Employee Stock Purchase Plan

     Coverage for the above-mentioned medical, dental, vision, disability and life insurance benefits begin on your date of hire. Dependent coverage is also available through this plan. Employee and dependent contributions to the plan are outlined in our employee benefits guide (“Benefactor”).

     You will be entitled to fifteen days (15) of paid time-off annually. Paid time-off will accrue at the rate of 4.62 hours per pay period starting from your first day of employment. Paid time-off may be used for vacation or sick leave.

 


 

Employment Offer Letter
Joseph R. Bronson
November 17, 2004
Page 2

     Following your employment commencement date, you will be granted a stock option, entitling you to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock of the Company. The exercise price of your option will be set at the fair market value of the Company’s common stock as determined by the closing price on the Nasdaq National Market on the date of grant, which will be your date of hire. The “Vesting Commencement Date” will also be your date of hire. The option shall be subject to the terms and conditions of the Company’s 2002 Equity Incentive Plan. The option vests over a four-year period. On the first anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date, the option shall be vested as to twenty-five percent (25%) of the shares covered by the option. The remaining Shares subject to the option shall then vest on a monthly basis commencing one year after the Vesting Commencement Date in increments of 1/36 of the remaining shares subject to the option.

You will also be granted under the Plan, as of the date you commence employment with the Company, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) which represent the right to receive 38,432 shares of Company stock upon vesting. The RSUs shall vest in four equal installments on January 1 of each of 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009.

Your agreement to accept this offer is contingent upon your ability to show proof of your legal right to work for the Company in the United States.

     You should be aware that your employment with the Company is for no specified period and constitutes at will employment. As a result, you are free to resign at any time, for any reason or for no reason. Similarly, the Company is free to conclude its employment relationship with you at any time, with or without cause. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has decided to implement a change of control arrangement for the Executive Officers of the Company. As President, you will be entitled to receive the benefits of this change of control arrangement, which will be finalized on or about December 8, 2004.

     I have enclosed our standard Agreement Regarding Employment, Confidential Information, Invention Assignment, and Arbitration as a condition of your employment. We will not be able to commence your employment until we have received a signed copy of this document. If you accept this offer, please return a signed copy to me. That Agreement requires, among other things, that in the event of any dispute or claim relating to or arising out of our employment relationship, you and the Company agree that all such disputes shall be fully and finally resolved by final and binding arbitration conducted by the American Arbitration Association in Alameda County, California. However, the parties shall continue to have the right to seek judicial relief in the form of injunctive and/or equitable relief, including but not limited to relief for threatened or actual misappropriation of trade secrets or other unfair competition.

     Additionally, you will be required to comply at all times with the Company’s various rules, policies and procedures, including those set forth in our Employee Handbook, our Statement of Corporate Code of Business Conduct (“Corporate Code”), and our Statement of Policy regarding Insider Trading (“Insider Trading Policy”). Copies of these three documents, and all our policies and procedures will be available in hard copy and on Zunou - our internal intranet site. Within 30 days of the commencement of your employment, you will be required to provide the Company with signed acknowledgements relating to the Employee Handbook, the Corporate Code and the Insider Trading Policy. You should understand that, while referenced in this offer letter, the Company rules, policies and procedures are not incorporated by reference into this offer letter, and they can be changed, replaced or withdrawn at any time at the discretion of the Company.

     To indicate your acceptance of the Company’s offer, please sign and date this letter in the space provided below and return it to me. A duplicate original is enclosed for your records. This offer, if not accepted, will expire ten (10) days from the offer date. This letter, along with the agreement relating to proprietary rights between you and the Company, set forth the terms of your employment with the Company and supersede any prior

 


 

Employment Offer Letter
Joseph R. Bronson
November 17, 2004
Page 3

representations or agreements, whether written or oral. This letter may not be modified or amended except by a written agreement, signed by an officer of the Company and by you.

     Joe, we look forward to your favorable reply and to a productive, fun and exciting working relationship.

     
  Sincerely,
  FormFactor, Inc.
 
   
  /s/ IGOR Y. KHANDROS
 
   
  Igor Khandros
  CEO
  FormFactor, Inc

ACCEPTED AND AGREED TO this 17th day of November, 2004

 
/s/ JOSEPH R. BRONSON

Joseph R. Bronson

 

exv10w50
 

Exhibit 10.50

[Letterhead of FormFactor, Inc.]

January 27, 2005

Ronald C. Foster
1530 Hillview Drive
Los Altos, CA 94024

Dear Ron,

     We welcome the opportunity to offer you a salaried, exempt position with FormFactor, Inc. (the “Company”) as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. We look forward to having you join us at this exciting time for the Company. We are very impressed with your background, demonstrated abilities, and fundamental understanding of the challenges involved in a fast paced, growing company, and look forward to your participation in meeting the opportunities ahead.

     In your capacity as Chief Financial Officer, you will report to both members of the Office of the Chief Executive Officer (Igor Khandros, CEO and Joe Bronson, President) and will receive an annual salary of $275,000, which will be paid bi-weekly in accordance with, and subject to, the Company’s normal payroll procedures. You will also be eligible to participate in the annual Key Management Bonus Plan at a target rate of 70% of your earned annual salary. This bonus is conditioned upon the company’s performance and your individual achievement of objectives, and will be prorated based upon your start date through the end of the bonus period

     The Company will pay you a $50,000 bonus, which you will receive as a separate check included with your first paycheck. This number is a gross dollar figure. Please be aware you will be responsible for all personal income taxes related to this sign-on bonus. We advise that you consult your tax consultant on this matter.

     As long as you remain a regular full-time employee of the Company, you are eligible to receive certain employee benefits that are offered to our regular full-time employees, which may from time to time change at the Company’s discretion. These currently include:

  -   Medical, Dental and Vision Insurance Benefits
 
  -   Short-Term and Long-Term Disability Insurance Coverage
 
  -   Group Life Insurance
 
  -   Paid Time-Off
 
  -   401k Plan with Company Match
 
  -   401k Variable Contribution Plan
 
  -   Section 125 Flex Spending Plan
 
  -   Employee Assistance Program
 
  -   Employee Stock Purchase Plan

     Coverage for the above-mentioned medical, dental, vision, disability and life insurance benefits begin on your date of hire. Dependent coverage is also available through this plan. Employee and dependent contributions to the plan are outlined in our employee benefits guide (“Benefactor”).

     You will be entitled to fifteen days (15) of paid time-off annually. Paid time-off will accrue at the rate of 4.62 hours per pay period starting from your first day of employment. Paid time-off may be used for vacation or sick leave.

 


 

Employment Offer Letter
Ronald C. Foster
January 27, 2005
Page 2 of 3

     Following your employment commencement date, you will be granted a stock option, entitling you to purchase 110,000 shares of common stock of the Company. The exercise price of your option will be set at the fair market value of the Company’s common stock as determined by the closing price on the Nasdaq National Market on the date of grant, which will be your date of hire. The “Vesting Commencement Date” will also be your date of hire. The option shall be subject to the terms and conditions of the Company’s 2002 Equity Incentive Plan. The option vests over a four-year period. On the first anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date, the option shall be vested as to twenty-five percent (25%) of the shares covered by the option. The remaining Shares subject to the option shall then vest on a monthly basis commencing one year after the Vesting Commencement Date in increments of 1/36 of the remaining shares subject to the option.

     Your agreement to accept this offer is contingent upon your ability to show proof of your legal right to work for the Company in the United States.

     You should be aware that your employment with the Company is for no specified period and constitutes at will employment. As a result, you are free to resign at any time, for any reason or for no reason. Similarly, the Company is free to conclude its employment relationship with you at any time, with or without cause. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has decided to implement a change of control arrangement for the Executive Officers of the Company. As Chief Financial Officer, you will be entitled to receive the benefits of this change of control arrangement.

     I have enclosed our standard Agreement Regarding Employment, Confidential Information, Invention Assignment, and Arbitration as a condition of your employment. We will not be able to commence your employment until we have received a signed copy of this document. If you accept this offer, please return a signed copy to me. That Agreement requires, among other things, that in the event of any dispute or claim relating to or arising out of our employment relationship, you and the Company agree that all such disputes shall be fully and finally resolved by final and binding arbitration conducted by the American Arbitration Association in Alameda County, California. However, the parties shall continue to have the right to seek judicial relief in the form of injunctive and/or equitable relief, including but not limited to relief for threatened or actual misappropriation of trade secrets or other unfair competition.

     Additionally, you will be required to comply at all times with the Company’s various rules, policies and procedures, including those set forth in our Employee Handbook, our Statement of Corporate Code of Business Conduct (“Corporate Code”), and our Statement of Policy regarding Insider Trading (“Insider Trading Policy”). Copies of these three documents, and all our policies and procedures will be available in hard copy and on Zunou - our internal intranet site. Within 30 days of the commencement of your employment, you will be required to provide the Company with signed acknowledgements relating to the Employee Handbook, the Corporate Code and the Insider Trading Policy. You should understand that, while referenced in this offer letter, the Company rules, policies and procedures are not incorporated by reference into this offer letter, and they can be changed, replaced or withdrawn at any time at the discretion of the Company.

     To indicate your acceptance of the Company’s offer, please sign and date this letter in the space provided below and return it to me. A duplicate original is enclosed for your records. This offer, if not accepted, will expire ten (10) days from the offer date. This letter, along with the agreement relating to proprietary rights between you and the Company, set forth the terms of your employment with the Company and supersede any prior representations or agreements, whether written or oral. This letter may not be modified or amended except by a written agreement, signed by an officer of the Company and by you.

 


 

Employment Offer Letter
Ronald C. Foster
January 27, 2005
Page 3 of 3

     Ron, we look forward to your favorable reply and to a productive, fun and exciting work relationship. To confirm your acceptance of this offer, please sign and date one copy of this letter and return to me. The other copy is for you to retain for your records. This offer, if not accepted, will expire ten (10) days from the offer date. Please call me if you have any questions.

     
  Sincerely,
 
   
  /s/ HANK FEIR
 
   
  Hank Feir
  Vice President, Human Resources
  FormFactor, Inc

ACCEPTED AND AGREED TO this 7th day of February, 2005

 
/s/ RONALD C. FOSTER

Ronald C. Foster

 

exv23w01
 

Exhibit 23.01

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No.’s 333-106043 and 333-115137) of FormFactor, Inc. of our report dated March 11, 2005 relating to the financial statements, financial statement schedule, management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10-K.

/s/ PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Jose, California
March 11, 2005

exv31w01
 

Exhibit 31.01

Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 7241

     I, Dr. Igor Y. Khandros, certify that:

1.   I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of FormFactor, Inc.;
 
2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

  a)   designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
  b)   designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
  c)   evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
  d)   disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

  a)   all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
  b)   any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
         
Dated: March 11, 2005
  By:   /s/ Dr. Igor Y. Khandros
     
      Dr. Igor Y. Khandros
      Chief Executive Officer

exv31w02
 

Exhibit 31.02

Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 7241

     I, Jens Meyerhoff, certify that:

1.   I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of FormFactor, Inc.;
 
2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

  a)   designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
  b)   designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
  c)   evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
  d)   disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

  a)   all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
  b)   any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
         
Dated: March 11, 2005
  By:   /s/ Jens Meyerhoff
     
      Jens Meyerhoff
      Chief Financial Officer

exv32w01
 

Exhibit 32.01

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350

          The certification set forth below is being submitted in connection with this annual report on Form 10-K of FormFactor, Inc. (the “Annual Report”) for the purpose of complying with Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code.

          Dr. Igor Y. Khandros, the Chief Executive Officer and Jens Meyerhoff, the Chief Financial Officer of FormFactor, Inc., each certifies that, to the best of their knowledge:

  1.   the Annual Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and
 
  2.   the information contained in the Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of FormFactor, Inc.
     
  /s/ DR. IGOR Y. KHANDROS
 
  Name: Dr. Igor Y. Khandros
  Chief Executive Officer
 
   
  /s/ JENS MEYERHOFF
 
  Name: Jens Meyerhoff
  Chief Financial Officer